Cigarette smoke extract-mediated FABP4 upregulation suppresses viability and induces apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress of bronchial epithelial cells by activating p38 MAPK/MK2 signaling pathway

BACKGROUND: Long-term inhalation of cigarette smoke is considered to be one of the main causes of bronchial epithelioid cell damage, but its underlying mechanism has to be further clarified. METHODS: Gene expression at mRNA level and protein levels were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis respectively. CCK-8, TUNEL assays, ELISA, western blot analysis and commercial kits were utilized to test cell viability, apoptosis inflammatory response and oxidative stress. The correlation between fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/MAPK activated kinase 2 (MK2) signaling pathway was verified by western blot analysis and rescue assays. RESULTS: Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure decreased viability, induced apoptosis and inflammatory response in 16HBE cells. Moreover, the expression of FABP4 in CSE-treated 16HBE cells was up-regulated in a time and dose-dependent manner. Ablation of FABP4 in 16HBE cells significantly protected against CSE-mediated cell viability decline and apoptosis. Further, FABP4 knockdown suppressed inflammatory response by down-regulating the elevated levels of cellular inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in CSE-treated 16HBE cells. The oxidative stress induced by CSE in 16HBE cells was also inhibited by FABP4 silence as evidence by reduced ROS and MDA level but increased SOD activity caused by FABP4 silence. Finally, all the above effects of FABP4 silence on CSE-treated 16HBE cells were reversed by asiatic acid, an agonist of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). CONCLUSIONS: The up-regulation of FABP4 expression mediated by CSE exerted pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidative stress and pro-apoptotic effects on bronchial epithelial cells by activating the p38 MAPK/MK2 signaling pathway. Our findings help to further understand the underlying mechanism of cigarette smoke-induced bronchial inflammation.