The M(1) muscarinic receptor is present in situ as a ligand-regulated mixture of monomers and oligomeric complexes

The quaternary organization of rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors in native tissues is unknown. To address this we generated mice in which the M(1) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor was replaced with a C-terminally monomeric enhanced green fluorescent protein (mEGFP)–linked variant. Fluorescence imaging of brain slices demonstrated appropriate regional distribution, and using both anti-M(1) and anti–green fluorescent protein antisera the expressed transgene was detected in both cortex and hippocampus only as the full-length polypeptide. M(1)-mEGFP was expressed at levels equal to the M(1) receptor in wild-type mice and was expressed throughout cell bodies and projections in cultured neurons from these animals. Signaling and behavioral studies demonstrated M(1)-mEGFP was fully active. Application of fluorescence intensity fluctuation spectrometry to regions of interest within M(1)-mEGFP–expressing neurons quantified local levels of expression and showed the receptor was present as a mixture of monomers, dimers, and higher-order oligomeric complexes. Treatment with both an agonist and an antagonist ligand promoted monomerization of the M(1)-mEGFP receptor. The quaternary organization of a class A G protein-coupled receptor in situ was directly quantified in neurons in this study, which answers the much-debated question of the extent and potential ligand-induced regulation of basal quaternary organization of such a receptor in native tissue when present at endogenous expression levels.