Does smoking cause lower educational attainment and general cognitive ability? Triangulation of causal evidence using multiple study designs

BACKGROUND: Observational studies have found associations between smoking and both poorer cognitive ability and lower educational attainment; however, evaluating causality is challenging. We used two complementary methods to explore this. METHODS: We conducted observational analyses of up to 12 004...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gage, Suzanne H., Sallis, Hannah M., Lassi, Glenda, Wootton, Robyn E., Mokrysz, Claire, Davey Smith, George, Munafò, Marcus R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cambridge University Press 2022
Materias:
Original Article
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9226381/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33023701
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720003402

Internet

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9226381/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33023701
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720003402

Ejemplares similares