Accidental Reactions to Foods: Frequency, Causes, and Severity

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this review, we present the epidemiology of food allergy and allergic reactions to foods using studies that have been published over the past decade. We review these allergic reactions — how they differ by food trigger, geographic region, demographic distribution, setting, and severity. RECENT FINDINGS: The rising prevalence of food allergy and persistent accidental allergic reactions to foods in various settings remains a worldwide concern. Differences in global prevalence, food triggers for reactions, and severity of accidental reactions may be explained by diversity in diets and food labeling legislation. A number of studies are highlighted that describe the unique challenges and risk factors that contribute to accidental reactions in restaurants and schools, as well as the efforts that have been made to improve safety and outcomes in these settings. SUMMARY: Food allergy prevalence has demonstrated significant variations between regions and age groups. Despite best efforts by individuals, physicians, and legislative bodies to improve safety for food allergic individuals, accidental reactions to foods still occur and can result in fatalities.