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Upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death Mediate the Protective Effect of Apigenin against Cyclophosphamide Hepatotoxicity
Liver injury is among the adverse effects of the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide (CP). This study investigated the protective role of the flavone apigenin (API) against CP-induced liver damage, pointing to the involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Rats were treated with API (20 and 40 mg/kg) f...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9322057/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35888772 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12070648 |
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author | Al-Amarat, Wesam Abukhalil, Mohammad H. Alruhaimi, Reem S. Alqhtani, Haifa A. Aldawood, Nouf Alfwuaires, Manal A. Althunibat, Osama Y. Aladaileh, Saleem H. Algefare, Abdulmohsen I. Alanezi, Abdulkareem A. AbouEl-ezz, Ali M. Ahmeda, Ahmad F. Mahmoud, Ayman M. |
author_facet | Al-Amarat, Wesam Abukhalil, Mohammad H. Alruhaimi, Reem S. Alqhtani, Haifa A. Aldawood, Nouf Alfwuaires, Manal A. Althunibat, Osama Y. Aladaileh, Saleem H. Algefare, Abdulmohsen I. Alanezi, Abdulkareem A. AbouEl-ezz, Ali M. Ahmeda, Ahmad F. Mahmoud, Ayman M. |
author_sort | Al-Amarat, Wesam |
collection | PubMed |
description | Liver injury is among the adverse effects of the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide (CP). This study investigated the protective role of the flavone apigenin (API) against CP-induced liver damage, pointing to the involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Rats were treated with API (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 15 days and received CP (150 mg/kg) on day 16. CP caused liver damage manifested by an elevation of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and histological alterations, including granular vacuolation, mononuclear cell infiltration, and hydropic changes. Hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) were increased and glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes were decreased in CP-administered rats. CP upregulated the inflammatory markers NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS, along with the pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3. Pre-treatment with API ameliorated circulating transaminases, ALP, and LDH, and prevented histopathological changes in CP-intoxicated rats. API suppressed ROS, MDA, NO, NF-κB p65, iNOS, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative DNA damage, Bax, and caspase-3 in CP-intoxicated rats. In addition, API enhanced hepatic antioxidants and Bcl-2 and boosted the Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA abundance and protein. In conclusion, API is effective in preventing CP hepatotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, and apoptosis. The hepatoprotective efficacy of API was associated with the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9322057 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93220572022-07-27 Upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death Mediate the Protective Effect of Apigenin against Cyclophosphamide Hepatotoxicity Al-Amarat, Wesam Abukhalil, Mohammad H. Alruhaimi, Reem S. Alqhtani, Haifa A. Aldawood, Nouf Alfwuaires, Manal A. Althunibat, Osama Y. Aladaileh, Saleem H. Algefare, Abdulmohsen I. Alanezi, Abdulkareem A. AbouEl-ezz, Ali M. Ahmeda, Ahmad F. Mahmoud, Ayman M. Metabolites Article Liver injury is among the adverse effects of the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide (CP). This study investigated the protective role of the flavone apigenin (API) against CP-induced liver damage, pointing to the involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Rats were treated with API (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 15 days and received CP (150 mg/kg) on day 16. CP caused liver damage manifested by an elevation of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and histological alterations, including granular vacuolation, mononuclear cell infiltration, and hydropic changes. Hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) were increased and glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes were decreased in CP-administered rats. CP upregulated the inflammatory markers NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS, along with the pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3. Pre-treatment with API ameliorated circulating transaminases, ALP, and LDH, and prevented histopathological changes in CP-intoxicated rats. API suppressed ROS, MDA, NO, NF-κB p65, iNOS, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative DNA damage, Bax, and caspase-3 in CP-intoxicated rats. In addition, API enhanced hepatic antioxidants and Bcl-2 and boosted the Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA abundance and protein. In conclusion, API is effective in preventing CP hepatotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, and apoptosis. The hepatoprotective efficacy of API was associated with the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. MDPI 2022-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9322057/ /pubmed/35888772 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12070648 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Al-Amarat, Wesam Abukhalil, Mohammad H. Alruhaimi, Reem S. Alqhtani, Haifa A. Aldawood, Nouf Alfwuaires, Manal A. Althunibat, Osama Y. Aladaileh, Saleem H. Algefare, Abdulmohsen I. Alanezi, Abdulkareem A. AbouEl-ezz, Ali M. Ahmeda, Ahmad F. Mahmoud, Ayman M. Upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death Mediate the Protective Effect of Apigenin against Cyclophosphamide Hepatotoxicity |
title | Upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death Mediate the Protective Effect of Apigenin against Cyclophosphamide Hepatotoxicity |
title_full | Upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death Mediate the Protective Effect of Apigenin against Cyclophosphamide Hepatotoxicity |
title_fullStr | Upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death Mediate the Protective Effect of Apigenin against Cyclophosphamide Hepatotoxicity |
title_full_unstemmed | Upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death Mediate the Protective Effect of Apigenin against Cyclophosphamide Hepatotoxicity |
title_short | Upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death Mediate the Protective Effect of Apigenin against Cyclophosphamide Hepatotoxicity |
title_sort | upregulation of nrf2/ho-1 signaling and attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death mediate the protective effect of apigenin against cyclophosphamide hepatotoxicity |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9322057/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35888772 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12070648 |
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