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SERINC5-Mediated Restriction of HIV-1 Infectivity Correlates with Resistance to Cholesterol Extraction but Not with Lipid Order of Viral Membrane

Serine incorporator 5 (SER5) is a protein that upon incorporation into virions inhibits HIV-1 infectivity by interfering with the ability of the Env glycoprotein to promote viral fusion. The mechanisms by which SER5 antagonizes HIV-1 fusion are not well understood. A recent study of SER5’s structure...

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Autores principales: Raghunath, Gokul, Chen, Yen-Cheng, Marin, Mariana, Wu, Hui, Melikyan, Gregory B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9332783/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35893701
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14081636
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author Raghunath, Gokul
Chen, Yen-Cheng
Marin, Mariana
Wu, Hui
Melikyan, Gregory B.
author_facet Raghunath, Gokul
Chen, Yen-Cheng
Marin, Mariana
Wu, Hui
Melikyan, Gregory B.
author_sort Raghunath, Gokul
collection PubMed
description Serine incorporator 5 (SER5) is a protein that upon incorporation into virions inhibits HIV-1 infectivity by interfering with the ability of the Env glycoprotein to promote viral fusion. The mechanisms by which SER5 antagonizes HIV-1 fusion are not well understood. A recent study of SER5’s structure revealed a lipid-binding pocket, suggesting the ability to sequester lipids. This finding, along with the well-documented modulation of HIV-1 infectivity by viral lipids, especially cholesterol, prompted our examination of SER5′s effect on the general lipid order of the HIV-1 membrane. Pseudoviruses bearing the SER5-sensitive HXB2-Env and containing SER5 or SER2, a control protein that lacks antiviral activity, were analyzed using two distinct lipid-order probes. We show that SER5 incorporation does not noticeably affect the lipid order of pseudoviruses. Although viral cholesterol extraction reduces HIV-1 infectivity, SER5+ viruses are less sensitive to cholesterol extraction than the control samples. In contrast, the virus’ sensitivity to cholesterol oxidation was not affected by SER5 incorporation. The hydrolytic release of sphingomyelin-sequestered cholesterol had a minimal impact on the apparent resistance to cholesterol extraction. Based on these results, we propose that a subpopulation of more stable Env glycoproteins responsible for the residual infectivity of SER5+ viruses is less sensitive to the cholesterol content of the viral membrane.
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spelling pubmed-93327832022-07-29 SERINC5-Mediated Restriction of HIV-1 Infectivity Correlates with Resistance to Cholesterol Extraction but Not with Lipid Order of Viral Membrane Raghunath, Gokul Chen, Yen-Cheng Marin, Mariana Wu, Hui Melikyan, Gregory B. Viruses Article Serine incorporator 5 (SER5) is a protein that upon incorporation into virions inhibits HIV-1 infectivity by interfering with the ability of the Env glycoprotein to promote viral fusion. The mechanisms by which SER5 antagonizes HIV-1 fusion are not well understood. A recent study of SER5’s structure revealed a lipid-binding pocket, suggesting the ability to sequester lipids. This finding, along with the well-documented modulation of HIV-1 infectivity by viral lipids, especially cholesterol, prompted our examination of SER5′s effect on the general lipid order of the HIV-1 membrane. Pseudoviruses bearing the SER5-sensitive HXB2-Env and containing SER5 or SER2, a control protein that lacks antiviral activity, were analyzed using two distinct lipid-order probes. We show that SER5 incorporation does not noticeably affect the lipid order of pseudoviruses. Although viral cholesterol extraction reduces HIV-1 infectivity, SER5+ viruses are less sensitive to cholesterol extraction than the control samples. In contrast, the virus’ sensitivity to cholesterol oxidation was not affected by SER5 incorporation. The hydrolytic release of sphingomyelin-sequestered cholesterol had a minimal impact on the apparent resistance to cholesterol extraction. Based on these results, we propose that a subpopulation of more stable Env glycoproteins responsible for the residual infectivity of SER5+ viruses is less sensitive to the cholesterol content of the viral membrane. MDPI 2022-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9332783/ /pubmed/35893701 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14081636 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Raghunath, Gokul
Chen, Yen-Cheng
Marin, Mariana
Wu, Hui
Melikyan, Gregory B.
SERINC5-Mediated Restriction of HIV-1 Infectivity Correlates with Resistance to Cholesterol Extraction but Not with Lipid Order of Viral Membrane
title SERINC5-Mediated Restriction of HIV-1 Infectivity Correlates with Resistance to Cholesterol Extraction but Not with Lipid Order of Viral Membrane
title_full SERINC5-Mediated Restriction of HIV-1 Infectivity Correlates with Resistance to Cholesterol Extraction but Not with Lipid Order of Viral Membrane
title_fullStr SERINC5-Mediated Restriction of HIV-1 Infectivity Correlates with Resistance to Cholesterol Extraction but Not with Lipid Order of Viral Membrane
title_full_unstemmed SERINC5-Mediated Restriction of HIV-1 Infectivity Correlates with Resistance to Cholesterol Extraction but Not with Lipid Order of Viral Membrane
title_short SERINC5-Mediated Restriction of HIV-1 Infectivity Correlates with Resistance to Cholesterol Extraction but Not with Lipid Order of Viral Membrane
title_sort serinc5-mediated restriction of hiv-1 infectivity correlates with resistance to cholesterol extraction but not with lipid order of viral membrane
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9332783/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35893701
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14081636
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