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COVID-19: Origin, epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, and treatment

COVID-19 (or Coronavirus Disease) originated in China (Hubei provenance, Wuhan city). The first recorded illness occurred in December 2019. It has affected all parts of the world, and the WHO designated the COVID-19 disease, caused by the new Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Som...

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Autores principales: Sharma, Anuj, Ahirwar, Ashok Kumar, Sorte, Smita R., Rathod, Sachin B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9347366/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-99878-9.00012-1
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author Sharma, Anuj
Ahirwar, Ashok Kumar
Sorte, Smita R.
Rathod, Sachin B.
author_facet Sharma, Anuj
Ahirwar, Ashok Kumar
Sorte, Smita R.
Rathod, Sachin B.
author_sort Sharma, Anuj
collection PubMed
description COVID-19 (or Coronavirus Disease) originated in China (Hubei provenance, Wuhan city). The first recorded illness occurred in December 2019. It has affected all parts of the world, and the WHO designated the COVID-19 disease, caused by the new Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Some debatable speculations indicate that it is a man-made virus, intentionally synthesized in the laboratory but was unintentionally emancipated from a laboratory of Wuhan, China. The primitive theory suggested the spread from the Hunan seafood market of China probably from an animal source. However, this theory is not fully supported. COVID-19 infection has a varying range of signs and symptoms from low fever, dry cough to lower respiratory tract infection, breathing difficulties, pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), metabolic acidosis, sepsis, coagulation, lymphopenia, hypoxemia, multiorgan failure, and eventually, mortality. In patients with comorbidity such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, stroke, and kidney disease, fatality rate is higher. Young and elderly people are more likely to experience unfavorable outcomes due to poor immunity. There have been several treatment methods explored to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic, including medications, interferon, vaccines, oligonucleotides, peptides, and monoclonal and immunomodulatory antibodies, among other things. The World Health Organization has recommended preventive measures like washing hands, using face masks, sanitizers, and maintaining a safe distance to prevent the spread of the pandemic. One of the promising alternatives is the vaccine. One must take all preventive measures in the pandemic until it becomes feeble.
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spelling pubmed-93473662022-08-03 COVID-19: Origin, epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, and treatment Sharma, Anuj Ahirwar, Ashok Kumar Sorte, Smita R. Rathod, Sachin B. Lessons from COVID-19 Article COVID-19 (or Coronavirus Disease) originated in China (Hubei provenance, Wuhan city). The first recorded illness occurred in December 2019. It has affected all parts of the world, and the WHO designated the COVID-19 disease, caused by the new Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Some debatable speculations indicate that it is a man-made virus, intentionally synthesized in the laboratory but was unintentionally emancipated from a laboratory of Wuhan, China. The primitive theory suggested the spread from the Hunan seafood market of China probably from an animal source. However, this theory is not fully supported. COVID-19 infection has a varying range of signs and symptoms from low fever, dry cough to lower respiratory tract infection, breathing difficulties, pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), metabolic acidosis, sepsis, coagulation, lymphopenia, hypoxemia, multiorgan failure, and eventually, mortality. In patients with comorbidity such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, stroke, and kidney disease, fatality rate is higher. Young and elderly people are more likely to experience unfavorable outcomes due to poor immunity. There have been several treatment methods explored to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic, including medications, interferon, vaccines, oligonucleotides, peptides, and monoclonal and immunomodulatory antibodies, among other things. The World Health Organization has recommended preventive measures like washing hands, using face masks, sanitizers, and maintaining a safe distance to prevent the spread of the pandemic. One of the promising alternatives is the vaccine. One must take all preventive measures in the pandemic until it becomes feeble. 2022 2022-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9347366/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-99878-9.00012-1 Text en Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Sharma, Anuj
Ahirwar, Ashok Kumar
Sorte, Smita R.
Rathod, Sachin B.
COVID-19: Origin, epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, and treatment
title COVID-19: Origin, epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, and treatment
title_full COVID-19: Origin, epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, and treatment
title_fullStr COVID-19: Origin, epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, and treatment
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19: Origin, epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, and treatment
title_short COVID-19: Origin, epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, and treatment
title_sort covid-19: origin, epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, and treatment
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9347366/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-99878-9.00012-1
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