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Dynamic sampling rate: harnessing frame coherence in graphics applications for energy-efficient GPUs
In real-time rendering, a 3D scene is modelled with meshes of triangles that the GPU projects to the screen. They are discretized by sampling each triangle at regular space intervals to generate fragments which are then added texture and lighting effects by a shader program. Realistic scenes require...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer US
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9360083/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35966445 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11227-022-04413-7 |
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author | Anglada, Martí de Lucas, Enrique Parcerisa, Joan-Manuel Aragón, Juan L. González, Antonio |
author_facet | Anglada, Martí de Lucas, Enrique Parcerisa, Joan-Manuel Aragón, Juan L. González, Antonio |
author_sort | Anglada, Martí |
collection | PubMed |
description | In real-time rendering, a 3D scene is modelled with meshes of triangles that the GPU projects to the screen. They are discretized by sampling each triangle at regular space intervals to generate fragments which are then added texture and lighting effects by a shader program. Realistic scenes require detailed geometric models, complex shaders, high-resolution displays and high screen refreshing rates, which all come at a great compute time and energy cost. This cost is often dominated by the fragment shader, which runs for each sampled fragment. Conventional GPUs sample the triangles once per pixel; however, there are many screen regions containing low variation that produce identical fragments and could be sampled at lower than pixel-rate with no loss in quality. Additionally, as temporal frame coherence makes consecutive frames very similar, such variations are usually maintained from frame to frame. This work proposes Dynamic Sampling Rate (DSR), a novel hardware mechanism to reduce redundancy and improve the energy efficiency in graphics applications. DSR analyzes the spatial frequencies of the scene once it has been rendered. Then, it leverages the temporal coherence in consecutive frames to decide, for each region of the screen, the lowest sampling rate to employ in the next frame that maintains image quality. We evaluate the performance of a state-of-the-art mobile GPU architecture extended with DSR for a wide variety of applications. Experimental results show that DSR is able to remove most of the redundancy inherent in the color computations at fragment granularity, which brings average speedups of 1.68x and energy savings of 40%. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9360083 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93600832022-08-10 Dynamic sampling rate: harnessing frame coherence in graphics applications for energy-efficient GPUs Anglada, Martí de Lucas, Enrique Parcerisa, Joan-Manuel Aragón, Juan L. González, Antonio J Supercomput Article In real-time rendering, a 3D scene is modelled with meshes of triangles that the GPU projects to the screen. They are discretized by sampling each triangle at regular space intervals to generate fragments which are then added texture and lighting effects by a shader program. Realistic scenes require detailed geometric models, complex shaders, high-resolution displays and high screen refreshing rates, which all come at a great compute time and energy cost. This cost is often dominated by the fragment shader, which runs for each sampled fragment. Conventional GPUs sample the triangles once per pixel; however, there are many screen regions containing low variation that produce identical fragments and could be sampled at lower than pixel-rate with no loss in quality. Additionally, as temporal frame coherence makes consecutive frames very similar, such variations are usually maintained from frame to frame. This work proposes Dynamic Sampling Rate (DSR), a novel hardware mechanism to reduce redundancy and improve the energy efficiency in graphics applications. DSR analyzes the spatial frequencies of the scene once it has been rendered. Then, it leverages the temporal coherence in consecutive frames to decide, for each region of the screen, the lowest sampling rate to employ in the next frame that maintains image quality. We evaluate the performance of a state-of-the-art mobile GPU architecture extended with DSR for a wide variety of applications. Experimental results show that DSR is able to remove most of the redundancy inherent in the color computations at fragment granularity, which brings average speedups of 1.68x and energy savings of 40%. Springer US 2022-04-10 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9360083/ /pubmed/35966445 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11227-022-04413-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Anglada, Martí de Lucas, Enrique Parcerisa, Joan-Manuel Aragón, Juan L. González, Antonio Dynamic sampling rate: harnessing frame coherence in graphics applications for energy-efficient GPUs |
title | Dynamic sampling rate: harnessing frame coherence in graphics applications for energy-efficient GPUs |
title_full | Dynamic sampling rate: harnessing frame coherence in graphics applications for energy-efficient GPUs |
title_fullStr | Dynamic sampling rate: harnessing frame coherence in graphics applications for energy-efficient GPUs |
title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic sampling rate: harnessing frame coherence in graphics applications for energy-efficient GPUs |
title_short | Dynamic sampling rate: harnessing frame coherence in graphics applications for energy-efficient GPUs |
title_sort | dynamic sampling rate: harnessing frame coherence in graphics applications for energy-efficient gpus |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9360083/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35966445 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11227-022-04413-7 |
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