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Diclofenac-Induced Cytotoxicity in Direct and Indirect Co-Culture of HepG2 Cells with Differentiated THP-1 Cells
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as diclofenac (DIC) frequently induce drug-induced liver injury (DILI). It is unclear whether macrophages such as M1 and M2 participate in NSAID-associated DILI; elucidating this relationship could lead to a better understanding of the detailed mec...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9368861/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35955793 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158660 |
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author | Kawase, Atsushi Takashima, Ouka Tanaka, Satsuki Shimada, Hiroaki Iwaki, Masahiro |
author_facet | Kawase, Atsushi Takashima, Ouka Tanaka, Satsuki Shimada, Hiroaki Iwaki, Masahiro |
author_sort | Kawase, Atsushi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as diclofenac (DIC) frequently induce drug-induced liver injury (DILI). It is unclear whether macrophages such as M1 and M2 participate in NSAID-associated DILI; elucidating this relationship could lead to a better understanding of the detailed mechanism of DILI. We co-cultured human hepatoma HepG2 cells with M1 or M2 derived from human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells to examine the roles of M1 and M2 in DIC-induced cytotoxicity. DIC was added to the direct or indirect co-cultures of HepG2 cells with M1 or M2 (HepG2/M1 or HepG2/M2, respectively) at cell ratios of (1:0, 1:0.1, 1:0.4, and 1:1). In both direct and indirect HepG2/M2 co-cultures (1:0.4), there was lower lactate dehydrogenase release compared with HepG2/M1 co-cultures. Other NSAIDs as well as DIC showed similar protective effects of DIC-induced cytotoxicity. There were only slight differences in mRNA levels of apoptosis- and endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated factors between M1 and M2 after DIC treatment, suggesting that other factors determined the protective effects of M2 on DIC-induced cytotoxicity. Levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the medium and the mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 receptors were different between M1 and M2 after DIC treatment. Increased HMGB1 concentrations and expression of toll-like receptor 2 mRNA in M1 were observed compared with M2 after DIC treatment. In conclusion, these results suggested that the HMGB1/TLR2 signaling axis can be suppressed in M2 but not M1, leading to the different roles of M1 and M2 in NSAID-induced cytotoxicity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9368861 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93688612022-08-12 Diclofenac-Induced Cytotoxicity in Direct and Indirect Co-Culture of HepG2 Cells with Differentiated THP-1 Cells Kawase, Atsushi Takashima, Ouka Tanaka, Satsuki Shimada, Hiroaki Iwaki, Masahiro Int J Mol Sci Article Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as diclofenac (DIC) frequently induce drug-induced liver injury (DILI). It is unclear whether macrophages such as M1 and M2 participate in NSAID-associated DILI; elucidating this relationship could lead to a better understanding of the detailed mechanism of DILI. We co-cultured human hepatoma HepG2 cells with M1 or M2 derived from human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells to examine the roles of M1 and M2 in DIC-induced cytotoxicity. DIC was added to the direct or indirect co-cultures of HepG2 cells with M1 or M2 (HepG2/M1 or HepG2/M2, respectively) at cell ratios of (1:0, 1:0.1, 1:0.4, and 1:1). In both direct and indirect HepG2/M2 co-cultures (1:0.4), there was lower lactate dehydrogenase release compared with HepG2/M1 co-cultures. Other NSAIDs as well as DIC showed similar protective effects of DIC-induced cytotoxicity. There were only slight differences in mRNA levels of apoptosis- and endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated factors between M1 and M2 after DIC treatment, suggesting that other factors determined the protective effects of M2 on DIC-induced cytotoxicity. Levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the medium and the mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 receptors were different between M1 and M2 after DIC treatment. Increased HMGB1 concentrations and expression of toll-like receptor 2 mRNA in M1 were observed compared with M2 after DIC treatment. In conclusion, these results suggested that the HMGB1/TLR2 signaling axis can be suppressed in M2 but not M1, leading to the different roles of M1 and M2 in NSAID-induced cytotoxicity. MDPI 2022-08-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9368861/ /pubmed/35955793 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158660 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kawase, Atsushi Takashima, Ouka Tanaka, Satsuki Shimada, Hiroaki Iwaki, Masahiro Diclofenac-Induced Cytotoxicity in Direct and Indirect Co-Culture of HepG2 Cells with Differentiated THP-1 Cells |
title | Diclofenac-Induced Cytotoxicity in Direct and Indirect Co-Culture of HepG2 Cells with Differentiated THP-1 Cells |
title_full | Diclofenac-Induced Cytotoxicity in Direct and Indirect Co-Culture of HepG2 Cells with Differentiated THP-1 Cells |
title_fullStr | Diclofenac-Induced Cytotoxicity in Direct and Indirect Co-Culture of HepG2 Cells with Differentiated THP-1 Cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Diclofenac-Induced Cytotoxicity in Direct and Indirect Co-Culture of HepG2 Cells with Differentiated THP-1 Cells |
title_short | Diclofenac-Induced Cytotoxicity in Direct and Indirect Co-Culture of HepG2 Cells with Differentiated THP-1 Cells |
title_sort | diclofenac-induced cytotoxicity in direct and indirect co-culture of hepg2 cells with differentiated thp-1 cells |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9368861/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35955793 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158660 |
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