Single Coil Mechano‐Electromagnetic System for the Automatic 1‐Axis Position Feedback 3D Locomotion Control of Magnetic Robots and Their Selective Manipulation

3D locomotion of magnetic microrobots requires at least one pair of coils per axis and 3D feedback of the position of the microrobot. This results in voluminous systems with high‐power usage and a small working space, which require complex and expensive controllers. This study presents a single‐coil magneto‐electromagnetic system, comprising a parallel robot and coil, capable of precise 3D locomotion control of magnetic millirobots while requiring only feedback of the vertical position of the millirobot. The coil current creates a 2D magnetic trapping point in the horizontal plane, which depends on the position and orientation of the coil and toward which the millirobot moves, eliminating the need for position feedback at such plane. The vertical position of the millirobot is controlled by varying the coil current while receiving feedback from the vertical position of the millirobot. Feedbackless 2D control and 1‐axis feedback 3D automatic control of magnetic millirobots are experimentally demonstrated, achieving higher speeds and similar position errors when compared to control systems with 3D position feedback. Furthermore, selective control of two millirobots is demonstrated by matching the region of maximum vertical magnetic force and the targeted millirobot, achieving selective levitation and control of such millirobots.