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Verbal manipulations of learning expectancy do not enhance reconsolidation
OBJECTIVES: Pharmacological studies using propranolol suggest that if reactivation signals that new information will be learned (i.e., there is an expectation for learning) reconsolidation can be enhanced. We examined if the verbal instructions to expect new learning will enhance reconsolidation of...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9387781/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35980909 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241943 |
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author | Marinos, Julia Simioni, Olivia Ashbaugh, Andrea R. |
author_facet | Marinos, Julia Simioni, Olivia Ashbaugh, Andrea R. |
author_sort | Marinos, Julia |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: Pharmacological studies using propranolol suggest that if reactivation signals that new information will be learned (i.e., there is an expectation for learning) reconsolidation can be enhanced. We examined if the verbal instructions to expect new learning will enhance reconsolidation of fear memories using the post-retrieval extinction paradigm. METHODS: On day one, participants (n = 48) underwent differential fear conditioning to two images (CS+ and CS-). On day two, participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups; groups one and two had their memory for the CS+ reactivated (i.e., a single presentation of the CS+) 10 minutes prior to extinction, whereas group three did not have their memory reactivated but went right to extinction (no reactivation group). One reactivation group was told that they would learn something new about the images (expectation for learning group), and the other group was told that they would not learn anything new (no expectation for learning group). On day three, return of fear was measured following reinstatement (i.e., four shocks). Fear potentiated startle (FPS) and skin conductance response (SCR) were measured throughout. RESULTS: There was evidence of fear acquisition for participants for SCR but not FPS. With regards to reconsolidation, SCR increased for the CS+ and CS-in all groups from the end of extinction to the beginning of re-extinction (i.e., return of fear). For FPS, post-hoc tests conducted on the sub-group of participants showing fear learning showed that FPS remained stable in the two reactivation groups, but increased to the CS+, but not the CS- in the no reactivation group. IMPLICATIONS: These findings suggest that a verbal manipulation of the expectation for learning may not be salient enough to enhance reconsolidation. Results are discussed in relation to theories on differences in between SCR, as a measure of cognitive awareness, and FPS, as a measure of fear. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9387781 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93877812022-08-19 Verbal manipulations of learning expectancy do not enhance reconsolidation Marinos, Julia Simioni, Olivia Ashbaugh, Andrea R. PLoS One Research Article OBJECTIVES: Pharmacological studies using propranolol suggest that if reactivation signals that new information will be learned (i.e., there is an expectation for learning) reconsolidation can be enhanced. We examined if the verbal instructions to expect new learning will enhance reconsolidation of fear memories using the post-retrieval extinction paradigm. METHODS: On day one, participants (n = 48) underwent differential fear conditioning to two images (CS+ and CS-). On day two, participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups; groups one and two had their memory for the CS+ reactivated (i.e., a single presentation of the CS+) 10 minutes prior to extinction, whereas group three did not have their memory reactivated but went right to extinction (no reactivation group). One reactivation group was told that they would learn something new about the images (expectation for learning group), and the other group was told that they would not learn anything new (no expectation for learning group). On day three, return of fear was measured following reinstatement (i.e., four shocks). Fear potentiated startle (FPS) and skin conductance response (SCR) were measured throughout. RESULTS: There was evidence of fear acquisition for participants for SCR but not FPS. With regards to reconsolidation, SCR increased for the CS+ and CS-in all groups from the end of extinction to the beginning of re-extinction (i.e., return of fear). For FPS, post-hoc tests conducted on the sub-group of participants showing fear learning showed that FPS remained stable in the two reactivation groups, but increased to the CS+, but not the CS- in the no reactivation group. IMPLICATIONS: These findings suggest that a verbal manipulation of the expectation for learning may not be salient enough to enhance reconsolidation. Results are discussed in relation to theories on differences in between SCR, as a measure of cognitive awareness, and FPS, as a measure of fear. Public Library of Science 2022-08-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9387781/ /pubmed/35980909 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241943 Text en © 2022 Marinos et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Marinos, Julia Simioni, Olivia Ashbaugh, Andrea R. Verbal manipulations of learning expectancy do not enhance reconsolidation |
title | Verbal manipulations of learning expectancy do not enhance reconsolidation |
title_full | Verbal manipulations of learning expectancy do not enhance reconsolidation |
title_fullStr | Verbal manipulations of learning expectancy do not enhance reconsolidation |
title_full_unstemmed | Verbal manipulations of learning expectancy do not enhance reconsolidation |
title_short | Verbal manipulations of learning expectancy do not enhance reconsolidation |
title_sort | verbal manipulations of learning expectancy do not enhance reconsolidation |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9387781/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35980909 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241943 |
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