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Estimating effects of parents’ cognitive and non-cognitive skills on offspring education using polygenic scores

Understanding how parents’ cognitive and non-cognitive skills influence offspring education is essential for educational, family and economic policy. We use genetics (GWAS-by-subtraction) to assess a latent, broad non-cognitive skills dimension. To index parental effects controlling for genetic tran...

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Autores principales: Demange, Perline A., Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Abdellaoui, Abdel, Eilertsen, Espen Moen, Malanchini, Margherita, Domingue, Benjamin W., Armstrong-Carter, Emma, de Zeeuw, Eveline L., Rimfeld, Kaili, Boomsma, Dorret I., van Bergen, Elsje, Breen, Gerome, Nivard, Michel G., Cheesman, Rosa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9399113/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35999215
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32003-x
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author Demange, Perline A.
Hottenga, Jouke Jan
Abdellaoui, Abdel
Eilertsen, Espen Moen
Malanchini, Margherita
Domingue, Benjamin W.
Armstrong-Carter, Emma
de Zeeuw, Eveline L.
Rimfeld, Kaili
Boomsma, Dorret I.
van Bergen, Elsje
Breen, Gerome
Nivard, Michel G.
Cheesman, Rosa
author_facet Demange, Perline A.
Hottenga, Jouke Jan
Abdellaoui, Abdel
Eilertsen, Espen Moen
Malanchini, Margherita
Domingue, Benjamin W.
Armstrong-Carter, Emma
de Zeeuw, Eveline L.
Rimfeld, Kaili
Boomsma, Dorret I.
van Bergen, Elsje
Breen, Gerome
Nivard, Michel G.
Cheesman, Rosa
author_sort Demange, Perline A.
collection PubMed
description Understanding how parents’ cognitive and non-cognitive skills influence offspring education is essential for educational, family and economic policy. We use genetics (GWAS-by-subtraction) to assess a latent, broad non-cognitive skills dimension. To index parental effects controlling for genetic transmission, we estimate indirect parental genetic effects of polygenic scores on childhood and adulthood educational outcomes, using siblings (N = 47,459), adoptees (N = 6407), and parent-offspring trios (N = 2534) in three UK and Dutch cohorts. We find that parental cognitive and non-cognitive skills affect offspring education through their environment: on average across cohorts and designs, indirect genetic effects explain 36–40% of population polygenic score associations. However, indirect genetic effects are lower for achievement in the Dutch cohort, and for the adoption design. We identify potential causes of higher sibling- and trio-based estimates: prenatal indirect genetic effects, population stratification, and assortative mating. Our phenotype-agnostic, genetically sensitive approach has established overall environmental effects of parents’ skills, facilitating future mechanistic work.
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spelling pubmed-93991132022-08-25 Estimating effects of parents’ cognitive and non-cognitive skills on offspring education using polygenic scores Demange, Perline A. Hottenga, Jouke Jan Abdellaoui, Abdel Eilertsen, Espen Moen Malanchini, Margherita Domingue, Benjamin W. Armstrong-Carter, Emma de Zeeuw, Eveline L. Rimfeld, Kaili Boomsma, Dorret I. van Bergen, Elsje Breen, Gerome Nivard, Michel G. Cheesman, Rosa Nat Commun Article Understanding how parents’ cognitive and non-cognitive skills influence offspring education is essential for educational, family and economic policy. We use genetics (GWAS-by-subtraction) to assess a latent, broad non-cognitive skills dimension. To index parental effects controlling for genetic transmission, we estimate indirect parental genetic effects of polygenic scores on childhood and adulthood educational outcomes, using siblings (N = 47,459), adoptees (N = 6407), and parent-offspring trios (N = 2534) in three UK and Dutch cohorts. We find that parental cognitive and non-cognitive skills affect offspring education through their environment: on average across cohorts and designs, indirect genetic effects explain 36–40% of population polygenic score associations. However, indirect genetic effects are lower for achievement in the Dutch cohort, and for the adoption design. We identify potential causes of higher sibling- and trio-based estimates: prenatal indirect genetic effects, population stratification, and assortative mating. Our phenotype-agnostic, genetically sensitive approach has established overall environmental effects of parents’ skills, facilitating future mechanistic work. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9399113/ /pubmed/35999215 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32003-x Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Demange, Perline A.
Hottenga, Jouke Jan
Abdellaoui, Abdel
Eilertsen, Espen Moen
Malanchini, Margherita
Domingue, Benjamin W.
Armstrong-Carter, Emma
de Zeeuw, Eveline L.
Rimfeld, Kaili
Boomsma, Dorret I.
van Bergen, Elsje
Breen, Gerome
Nivard, Michel G.
Cheesman, Rosa
Estimating effects of parents’ cognitive and non-cognitive skills on offspring education using polygenic scores
title Estimating effects of parents’ cognitive and non-cognitive skills on offspring education using polygenic scores
title_full Estimating effects of parents’ cognitive and non-cognitive skills on offspring education using polygenic scores
title_fullStr Estimating effects of parents’ cognitive and non-cognitive skills on offspring education using polygenic scores
title_full_unstemmed Estimating effects of parents’ cognitive and non-cognitive skills on offspring education using polygenic scores
title_short Estimating effects of parents’ cognitive and non-cognitive skills on offspring education using polygenic scores
title_sort estimating effects of parents’ cognitive and non-cognitive skills on offspring education using polygenic scores
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9399113/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35999215
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32003-x
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