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Nature vs. nurture: FOXP3, genetics, and tissue environment shape Treg function

The importance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in preventing autoimmunity has been well established; however, the precise alterations in Treg function in autoimmune individuals and how underlying genetic associations impact the development and function of Tregs is still not well understood. Polygeneti...

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Autores principales: Raugh, Arielle, Allard, Denise, Bettini, Maria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9411801/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36032083
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.911151
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author Raugh, Arielle
Allard, Denise
Bettini, Maria
author_facet Raugh, Arielle
Allard, Denise
Bettini, Maria
author_sort Raugh, Arielle
collection PubMed
description The importance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in preventing autoimmunity has been well established; however, the precise alterations in Treg function in autoimmune individuals and how underlying genetic associations impact the development and function of Tregs is still not well understood. Polygenetic susceptibly is a key driving factor in the development of autoimmunity, and many of the pathways implicated in genetic association studies point to a potential alteration or defect in regulatory T cell function. In this review transcriptomic control of Treg development and function is highlighted with a focus on how these pathways are altered during autoimmunity. In combination, observations from autoimmune mouse models and human patients now provide insights into epigenetic control of Treg function and stability. How tissue microenvironment influences Treg function, lineage stability, and functional plasticity is also explored. In conclusion, the current efficacy and future direction of Treg-based therapies for Type 1 Diabetes and other autoimmune diseases is discussed. In total, this review examines Treg function with focuses on genetic, epigenetic, and environmental mechanisms and how Treg functions are altered within the context of autoimmunity.
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spelling pubmed-94118012022-08-27 Nature vs. nurture: FOXP3, genetics, and tissue environment shape Treg function Raugh, Arielle Allard, Denise Bettini, Maria Front Immunol Immunology The importance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in preventing autoimmunity has been well established; however, the precise alterations in Treg function in autoimmune individuals and how underlying genetic associations impact the development and function of Tregs is still not well understood. Polygenetic susceptibly is a key driving factor in the development of autoimmunity, and many of the pathways implicated in genetic association studies point to a potential alteration or defect in regulatory T cell function. In this review transcriptomic control of Treg development and function is highlighted with a focus on how these pathways are altered during autoimmunity. In combination, observations from autoimmune mouse models and human patients now provide insights into epigenetic control of Treg function and stability. How tissue microenvironment influences Treg function, lineage stability, and functional plasticity is also explored. In conclusion, the current efficacy and future direction of Treg-based therapies for Type 1 Diabetes and other autoimmune diseases is discussed. In total, this review examines Treg function with focuses on genetic, epigenetic, and environmental mechanisms and how Treg functions are altered within the context of autoimmunity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9411801/ /pubmed/36032083 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.911151 Text en Copyright © 2022 Raugh, Allard and Bettini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Raugh, Arielle
Allard, Denise
Bettini, Maria
Nature vs. nurture: FOXP3, genetics, and tissue environment shape Treg function
title Nature vs. nurture: FOXP3, genetics, and tissue environment shape Treg function
title_full Nature vs. nurture: FOXP3, genetics, and tissue environment shape Treg function
title_fullStr Nature vs. nurture: FOXP3, genetics, and tissue environment shape Treg function
title_full_unstemmed Nature vs. nurture: FOXP3, genetics, and tissue environment shape Treg function
title_short Nature vs. nurture: FOXP3, genetics, and tissue environment shape Treg function
title_sort nature vs. nurture: foxp3, genetics, and tissue environment shape treg function
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9411801/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36032083
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.911151
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