Widely Targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Soybean and Chickpea and Their Different Advantages and New Functional Compounds for Diabetes

Soybean is widely used as a kind of bean for daily consumption. Chickpea is increasingly utilised because of its good healthcare function. At present, using chickpeas could have better results than soybeans in some areas. Previous studies of the two legumes focused on certain components and failed to fully reveal the differences between the two legumes. Thus, understanding the comprehensive similarities and differences between the two legumes is necessary to apply and develop these legumes effectively. In this study, we performed a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-based widely targeted metabolomics analysis on two legumes. A total of 776 metabolites (including primary metabolites and secondary metabolites) were detected, which were divided into more than a dozen broad categories. The differential analysis of these metabolites showed that there were 480 metabolites with significant differences in relative contents between the two legumes. Compared with soybean, the expression of 374 metabolites of chickpea was down-regulated and that of 106 metabolites was up-regulated. The metabolic pathway analysis showed significant differences in the flavonoids biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism and alkaloid biosynthesis between the two legumes. The advantages and applicability of the two kinds of legumes were confirmed through the analysis of anti-diabetic components. Moreover, some novel compounds (with contents higher than that of soybean) with hypoglycaemic activity were found in chickpea. This study provides an important reference for the in-depth study and comparative application of soybean and chickpea.