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Inter-Ligand STD NMR: An Efficient 1D NMR Approach to Probe Relative Orientation of Ligands in a Multi-Subsite Protein Binding Pocket
In recent years, Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (STD NMR) has been proven to be a powerful and versatile ligand-based NMR technique to elucidate crucial aspects in the investigation of protein-ligand complexes. Novel STD NMR approaches relying on “multi-frequency” irradiation have enabled us to...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9415034/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36015178 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15081030 |
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author | Monaco, Serena Ramírez-Cárdenas, Jonathan Carmona, Ana Teresa Robina, Inmaculada Angulo, Jesus |
author_facet | Monaco, Serena Ramírez-Cárdenas, Jonathan Carmona, Ana Teresa Robina, Inmaculada Angulo, Jesus |
author_sort | Monaco, Serena |
collection | PubMed |
description | In recent years, Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (STD NMR) has been proven to be a powerful and versatile ligand-based NMR technique to elucidate crucial aspects in the investigation of protein-ligand complexes. Novel STD NMR approaches relying on “multi-frequency” irradiation have enabled us to even elucidate specific ligand-amino acid interactions and explore the binding of fragments in previously unknown binding subsites. Exploring multi-subsite protein binding pockets is especially important in Fragment Based Drug Discovery (FBDD) to design leads of increased specificity and efficacy. We hereby propose a novel multi-frequency STD NMR approach based on direct irradiation of one of the ligands in a multi-ligand binding process, to probe the vicinity and explore the relative orientation of fragments in adjacent binding sub-sites, which we called Inter-Ligand STD NMR (IL-STD NMR). We proved its applicability on (i) a standard protein-ligand system commonly used for ligand-observed NMR benchmarking: Naproxen as bound to Bovine Serum Albumin, and (ii) the biologically relevant system of Cholera Toxin Subunit B and two inhibitors adjacently bound within the GM1 binding site. Relative to Inter-Ligand NOE (ILOE), the current state-of-the-art methodology to probe relative orientations of adjacent ligands, IL-STD NMR requires about one tenth of the experimental time and protein consumption, making it a competitive methodology with the potential to be applied in the pharmaceutical industries. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9415034 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94150342022-08-27 Inter-Ligand STD NMR: An Efficient 1D NMR Approach to Probe Relative Orientation of Ligands in a Multi-Subsite Protein Binding Pocket Monaco, Serena Ramírez-Cárdenas, Jonathan Carmona, Ana Teresa Robina, Inmaculada Angulo, Jesus Pharmaceuticals (Basel) Article In recent years, Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (STD NMR) has been proven to be a powerful and versatile ligand-based NMR technique to elucidate crucial aspects in the investigation of protein-ligand complexes. Novel STD NMR approaches relying on “multi-frequency” irradiation have enabled us to even elucidate specific ligand-amino acid interactions and explore the binding of fragments in previously unknown binding subsites. Exploring multi-subsite protein binding pockets is especially important in Fragment Based Drug Discovery (FBDD) to design leads of increased specificity and efficacy. We hereby propose a novel multi-frequency STD NMR approach based on direct irradiation of one of the ligands in a multi-ligand binding process, to probe the vicinity and explore the relative orientation of fragments in adjacent binding sub-sites, which we called Inter-Ligand STD NMR (IL-STD NMR). We proved its applicability on (i) a standard protein-ligand system commonly used for ligand-observed NMR benchmarking: Naproxen as bound to Bovine Serum Albumin, and (ii) the biologically relevant system of Cholera Toxin Subunit B and two inhibitors adjacently bound within the GM1 binding site. Relative to Inter-Ligand NOE (ILOE), the current state-of-the-art methodology to probe relative orientations of adjacent ligands, IL-STD NMR requires about one tenth of the experimental time and protein consumption, making it a competitive methodology with the potential to be applied in the pharmaceutical industries. MDPI 2022-08-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9415034/ /pubmed/36015178 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15081030 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Monaco, Serena Ramírez-Cárdenas, Jonathan Carmona, Ana Teresa Robina, Inmaculada Angulo, Jesus Inter-Ligand STD NMR: An Efficient 1D NMR Approach to Probe Relative Orientation of Ligands in a Multi-Subsite Protein Binding Pocket |
title | Inter-Ligand STD NMR: An Efficient 1D NMR Approach to Probe Relative Orientation of Ligands in a Multi-Subsite Protein Binding Pocket |
title_full | Inter-Ligand STD NMR: An Efficient 1D NMR Approach to Probe Relative Orientation of Ligands in a Multi-Subsite Protein Binding Pocket |
title_fullStr | Inter-Ligand STD NMR: An Efficient 1D NMR Approach to Probe Relative Orientation of Ligands in a Multi-Subsite Protein Binding Pocket |
title_full_unstemmed | Inter-Ligand STD NMR: An Efficient 1D NMR Approach to Probe Relative Orientation of Ligands in a Multi-Subsite Protein Binding Pocket |
title_short | Inter-Ligand STD NMR: An Efficient 1D NMR Approach to Probe Relative Orientation of Ligands in a Multi-Subsite Protein Binding Pocket |
title_sort | inter-ligand std nmr: an efficient 1d nmr approach to probe relative orientation of ligands in a multi-subsite protein binding pocket |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9415034/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36015178 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15081030 |
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