Mechanisms linking gut microbiota to depression

INTRODUCTION: The gut microbiota constitute the largest and most diverse community in the body which is primarily responsible for the maintenance of the intestinal wall integrity and the protection against pathogens. Besides having an important role in the regulation of host energy metabolism, the g...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Fraga, A., Esteves-Sousa, D., Facucho-Oliveira, J., Albuquerque, M., Costa, M., Espada-Santos, P., Moura, N., Moutinho, A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cambridge University Press 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9480044/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1962
_version_ 1784790956666519552
author Fraga, A.
Esteves-Sousa, D.
Facucho-Oliveira, J.
Albuquerque, M.
Costa, M.
Espada-Santos, P.
Moura, N.
Moutinho, A.
author_facet Fraga, A.
Esteves-Sousa, D.
Facucho-Oliveira, J.
Albuquerque, M.
Costa, M.
Espada-Santos, P.
Moura, N.
Moutinho, A.
author_sort Fraga, A.
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: The gut microbiota constitute the largest and most diverse community in the body which is primarily responsible for the maintenance of the intestinal wall integrity and the protection against pathogens. Besides having an important role in the regulation of host energy metabolism, the gut microbiota can also influence neurodevelopment, modulate behavioral and might contribute to the development of psychiatry disorders. OBJECTIVES: The authors elaborated a narrative literature review to understand how gut microbiota can influence depression. METHODS: Using PubMed as the database, a research was conducted about how Gut Microbiota relates with Depression. RESULTS: The microbiota-gut-brain axis encompasses the strong bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the CNS. Multiple mechanisms may be involved in this bilateral communication, including immune, endocrine and neural pathways. Permutations in the gut microbiome composition trigger microbial lipopolysaccharides production that activates inflammatory responses. Cytokines send signals to the vagus nerve, which links the process to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that consequently causes behavioral effects. Beyond this, gut microbiota have the capacity to produce many neurotransmitters and neuromodulators such as serotonin and can induce the secretion of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor, an important plasticity-related protein that promotes neuronal growth, development and survival. CONCLUSIONS: Neuroinflammatory processes like those that occur in depression are deeply modulated by peripheral inflammatory stimuli, especially those from the intestinal microbiota. However, the knowledge is currently limited and the information available is not enough to understand the exact mechanisms. Therefore, more studies are required to show how gut microbiota influences the human brain. DISCLOSURE: No significant relationships.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9480044
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Cambridge University Press
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-94800442022-09-29 Mechanisms linking gut microbiota to depression Fraga, A. Esteves-Sousa, D. Facucho-Oliveira, J. Albuquerque, M. Costa, M. Espada-Santos, P. Moura, N. Moutinho, A. Eur Psychiatry Abstract INTRODUCTION: The gut microbiota constitute the largest and most diverse community in the body which is primarily responsible for the maintenance of the intestinal wall integrity and the protection against pathogens. Besides having an important role in the regulation of host energy metabolism, the gut microbiota can also influence neurodevelopment, modulate behavioral and might contribute to the development of psychiatry disorders. OBJECTIVES: The authors elaborated a narrative literature review to understand how gut microbiota can influence depression. METHODS: Using PubMed as the database, a research was conducted about how Gut Microbiota relates with Depression. RESULTS: The microbiota-gut-brain axis encompasses the strong bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the CNS. Multiple mechanisms may be involved in this bilateral communication, including immune, endocrine and neural pathways. Permutations in the gut microbiome composition trigger microbial lipopolysaccharides production that activates inflammatory responses. Cytokines send signals to the vagus nerve, which links the process to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that consequently causes behavioral effects. Beyond this, gut microbiota have the capacity to produce many neurotransmitters and neuromodulators such as serotonin and can induce the secretion of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor, an important plasticity-related protein that promotes neuronal growth, development and survival. CONCLUSIONS: Neuroinflammatory processes like those that occur in depression are deeply modulated by peripheral inflammatory stimuli, especially those from the intestinal microbiota. However, the knowledge is currently limited and the information available is not enough to understand the exact mechanisms. Therefore, more studies are required to show how gut microbiota influences the human brain. DISCLOSURE: No significant relationships. Cambridge University Press 2021-08-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9480044/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1962 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Abstract
Fraga, A.
Esteves-Sousa, D.
Facucho-Oliveira, J.
Albuquerque, M.
Costa, M.
Espada-Santos, P.
Moura, N.
Moutinho, A.
Mechanisms linking gut microbiota to depression
title Mechanisms linking gut microbiota to depression
title_full Mechanisms linking gut microbiota to depression
title_fullStr Mechanisms linking gut microbiota to depression
title_full_unstemmed Mechanisms linking gut microbiota to depression
title_short Mechanisms linking gut microbiota to depression
title_sort mechanisms linking gut microbiota to depression
topic Abstract
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9480044/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1962
work_keys_str_mv AT fragaa mechanismslinkinggutmicrobiotatodepression
AT estevessousad mechanismslinkinggutmicrobiotatodepression
AT facuchooliveiraj mechanismslinkinggutmicrobiotatodepression
AT albuquerquem mechanismslinkinggutmicrobiotatodepression
AT costam mechanismslinkinggutmicrobiotatodepression
AT espadasantosp mechanismslinkinggutmicrobiotatodepression
AT mouran mechanismslinkinggutmicrobiotatodepression
AT moutinhoa mechanismslinkinggutmicrobiotatodepression