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Olive- and Coconut-Oil-Enriched Diets Decreased Secondary Bile Acids and Regulated Metabolic and Transcriptomic Markers of Brain Injury in the Frontal Cortexes of NAFLD Pigs

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary fatty acid (FA) saturation and carbon chain length on brain bile acid (BA) metabolism and neuronal number in a pig model of pediatric NAFLD. Thirty 20-day-old Iberian pigs, pair-housed in pens, were randomly assigned to receive one...

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Autores principales: Maj, Magdalena A., Gehani, Tanvi R., Immoos, Chad, Medrano, Mikaelah S., Fanter, Rob K., Strand, Christine R., Glanz, Hunter, Piccolo, Brian D., Abo-Ismail, Mohammed K., La Frano, Michael R., Manjarín, Rodrigo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9497137/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36138929
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091193
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author Maj, Magdalena A.
Gehani, Tanvi R.
Immoos, Chad
Medrano, Mikaelah S.
Fanter, Rob K.
Strand, Christine R.
Glanz, Hunter
Piccolo, Brian D.
Abo-Ismail, Mohammed K.
La Frano, Michael R.
Manjarín, Rodrigo
author_facet Maj, Magdalena A.
Gehani, Tanvi R.
Immoos, Chad
Medrano, Mikaelah S.
Fanter, Rob K.
Strand, Christine R.
Glanz, Hunter
Piccolo, Brian D.
Abo-Ismail, Mohammed K.
La Frano, Michael R.
Manjarín, Rodrigo
author_sort Maj, Magdalena A.
collection PubMed
description The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary fatty acid (FA) saturation and carbon chain length on brain bile acid (BA) metabolism and neuronal number in a pig model of pediatric NAFLD. Thirty 20-day-old Iberian pigs, pair-housed in pens, were randomly assigned to receive one of three hypercaloric diets for 10 weeks: (1) lard-enriched (LAR; n = 5 pens), (2) olive-oil-enriched (OLI, n = 5), and (3) coconut-oil-enriched (COC; n = 5). Pig behavior and activity were analyzed throughout the study. All animals were euthanized on week 10 and frontal cortex (FC) samples were collected for immunohistochemistry, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses. Data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate statistics. No differences were observed in relative brain weight, neuronal number, or cognitive functioning between diets. Pig activity and FC levels of neuroprotective secondary BAs and betaine decreased in the COC and OLI groups compared with LAR, and paralleled the severity of NAFLD. In addition, OLI-fed pigs showed downregulation of genes involved in neurotransmission, synaptic transmission, and nervous tissue development. Similarly, COC-fed pigs showed upregulation of neurogenesis and myelin repair genes, which caused the accumulation of medium-chain acylcarnitines in brain tissue. In conclusion, our results indicate that secondary BA levels in the FCs of NAFLD pigs are affected by dietary FA composition and are associated with metabolic and transcriptomic markers of brain injury. Dietary interventions that aim to replace saturated FAs by medium-chain or monounsaturated FAs in high-fat hypercaloric diets may have a negative effect on brain health in NAFLD patients.
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spelling pubmed-94971372022-09-23 Olive- and Coconut-Oil-Enriched Diets Decreased Secondary Bile Acids and Regulated Metabolic and Transcriptomic Markers of Brain Injury in the Frontal Cortexes of NAFLD Pigs Maj, Magdalena A. Gehani, Tanvi R. Immoos, Chad Medrano, Mikaelah S. Fanter, Rob K. Strand, Christine R. Glanz, Hunter Piccolo, Brian D. Abo-Ismail, Mohammed K. La Frano, Michael R. Manjarín, Rodrigo Brain Sci Article The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary fatty acid (FA) saturation and carbon chain length on brain bile acid (BA) metabolism and neuronal number in a pig model of pediatric NAFLD. Thirty 20-day-old Iberian pigs, pair-housed in pens, were randomly assigned to receive one of three hypercaloric diets for 10 weeks: (1) lard-enriched (LAR; n = 5 pens), (2) olive-oil-enriched (OLI, n = 5), and (3) coconut-oil-enriched (COC; n = 5). Pig behavior and activity were analyzed throughout the study. All animals were euthanized on week 10 and frontal cortex (FC) samples were collected for immunohistochemistry, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses. Data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate statistics. No differences were observed in relative brain weight, neuronal number, or cognitive functioning between diets. Pig activity and FC levels of neuroprotective secondary BAs and betaine decreased in the COC and OLI groups compared with LAR, and paralleled the severity of NAFLD. In addition, OLI-fed pigs showed downregulation of genes involved in neurotransmission, synaptic transmission, and nervous tissue development. Similarly, COC-fed pigs showed upregulation of neurogenesis and myelin repair genes, which caused the accumulation of medium-chain acylcarnitines in brain tissue. In conclusion, our results indicate that secondary BA levels in the FCs of NAFLD pigs are affected by dietary FA composition and are associated with metabolic and transcriptomic markers of brain injury. Dietary interventions that aim to replace saturated FAs by medium-chain or monounsaturated FAs in high-fat hypercaloric diets may have a negative effect on brain health in NAFLD patients. MDPI 2022-09-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9497137/ /pubmed/36138929 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091193 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Maj, Magdalena A.
Gehani, Tanvi R.
Immoos, Chad
Medrano, Mikaelah S.
Fanter, Rob K.
Strand, Christine R.
Glanz, Hunter
Piccolo, Brian D.
Abo-Ismail, Mohammed K.
La Frano, Michael R.
Manjarín, Rodrigo
Olive- and Coconut-Oil-Enriched Diets Decreased Secondary Bile Acids and Regulated Metabolic and Transcriptomic Markers of Brain Injury in the Frontal Cortexes of NAFLD Pigs
title Olive- and Coconut-Oil-Enriched Diets Decreased Secondary Bile Acids and Regulated Metabolic and Transcriptomic Markers of Brain Injury in the Frontal Cortexes of NAFLD Pigs
title_full Olive- and Coconut-Oil-Enriched Diets Decreased Secondary Bile Acids and Regulated Metabolic and Transcriptomic Markers of Brain Injury in the Frontal Cortexes of NAFLD Pigs
title_fullStr Olive- and Coconut-Oil-Enriched Diets Decreased Secondary Bile Acids and Regulated Metabolic and Transcriptomic Markers of Brain Injury in the Frontal Cortexes of NAFLD Pigs
title_full_unstemmed Olive- and Coconut-Oil-Enriched Diets Decreased Secondary Bile Acids and Regulated Metabolic and Transcriptomic Markers of Brain Injury in the Frontal Cortexes of NAFLD Pigs
title_short Olive- and Coconut-Oil-Enriched Diets Decreased Secondary Bile Acids and Regulated Metabolic and Transcriptomic Markers of Brain Injury in the Frontal Cortexes of NAFLD Pigs
title_sort olive- and coconut-oil-enriched diets decreased secondary bile acids and regulated metabolic and transcriptomic markers of brain injury in the frontal cortexes of nafld pigs
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9497137/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36138929
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091193
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