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The Role of miR-29 Family in TGF-β Driven Fibrosis in Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy

Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), a chronic optic neuropathy, remains the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is driven in part by the pro-fibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and leads to extracellular matrix remodelling at the lamina cribrosa of the optic n...

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Autores principales: Smyth, Aoife, Callaghan, Breedge, Willoughby, Colin E., O’Brien, Colm
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9499597/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36142127
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810216
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author Smyth, Aoife
Callaghan, Breedge
Willoughby, Colin E.
O’Brien, Colm
author_facet Smyth, Aoife
Callaghan, Breedge
Willoughby, Colin E.
O’Brien, Colm
author_sort Smyth, Aoife
collection PubMed
description Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), a chronic optic neuropathy, remains the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is driven in part by the pro-fibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and leads to extracellular matrix remodelling at the lamina cribrosa of the optic nerve head. Despite an array of medical and surgical treatments targeting the only known modifiable risk factor, raised intraocular pressure, many patients still progress and develop significant visual field loss and eventual blindness. The search for alternative treatment strategies targeting the underlying fibrotic transformation in the optic nerve head and trabecular meshwork in glaucoma is ongoing. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs known to regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. Extensive research has been undertaken to uncover the complex role of miRNAs in gene expression and miRNA dysregulation in fibrotic disease. MiR-29 is a family of miRNAs which are strongly anti-fibrotic in their effects on the TGF-β signalling pathway and the regulation of extracellular matrix production and deposition. In this review, we discuss the anti-fibrotic effects of miR-29 and the role of miR-29 in ocular pathology and in the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. A better understanding of the role of miR-29 in POAG may aid in developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in glaucoma.
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spelling pubmed-94995972022-09-23 The Role of miR-29 Family in TGF-β Driven Fibrosis in Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy Smyth, Aoife Callaghan, Breedge Willoughby, Colin E. O’Brien, Colm Int J Mol Sci Review Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), a chronic optic neuropathy, remains the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is driven in part by the pro-fibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and leads to extracellular matrix remodelling at the lamina cribrosa of the optic nerve head. Despite an array of medical and surgical treatments targeting the only known modifiable risk factor, raised intraocular pressure, many patients still progress and develop significant visual field loss and eventual blindness. The search for alternative treatment strategies targeting the underlying fibrotic transformation in the optic nerve head and trabecular meshwork in glaucoma is ongoing. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs known to regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. Extensive research has been undertaken to uncover the complex role of miRNAs in gene expression and miRNA dysregulation in fibrotic disease. MiR-29 is a family of miRNAs which are strongly anti-fibrotic in their effects on the TGF-β signalling pathway and the regulation of extracellular matrix production and deposition. In this review, we discuss the anti-fibrotic effects of miR-29 and the role of miR-29 in ocular pathology and in the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. A better understanding of the role of miR-29 in POAG may aid in developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in glaucoma. MDPI 2022-09-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9499597/ /pubmed/36142127 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810216 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Smyth, Aoife
Callaghan, Breedge
Willoughby, Colin E.
O’Brien, Colm
The Role of miR-29 Family in TGF-β Driven Fibrosis in Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy
title The Role of miR-29 Family in TGF-β Driven Fibrosis in Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy
title_full The Role of miR-29 Family in TGF-β Driven Fibrosis in Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy
title_fullStr The Role of miR-29 Family in TGF-β Driven Fibrosis in Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy
title_full_unstemmed The Role of miR-29 Family in TGF-β Driven Fibrosis in Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy
title_short The Role of miR-29 Family in TGF-β Driven Fibrosis in Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy
title_sort role of mir-29 family in tgf-β driven fibrosis in glaucomatous optic neuropathy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9499597/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36142127
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810216
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