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Common and Rare PCSK9 Variants Associated with Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Mendelian Randomization Study
PCSK9 is a candidate locus for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The cause–effect relationship between LDL-C levels and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been suggested to be mechanism-specific. To identify the role of PCSK9 and genome-wide association study (GWAS)-significant variants in...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9499600/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36142332 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810418 |
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author | Hsu, Lung-An Teng, Ming-Sheng Wu, Semon Chou, Hsin-Hua Ko, Yu-Lin |
author_facet | Hsu, Lung-An Teng, Ming-Sheng Wu, Semon Chou, Hsin-Hua Ko, Yu-Lin |
author_sort | Hsu, Lung-An |
collection | PubMed |
description | PCSK9 is a candidate locus for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The cause–effect relationship between LDL-C levels and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been suggested to be mechanism-specific. To identify the role of PCSK9 and genome-wide association study (GWAS)-significant variants in LDL-C levels and the risk of DM by using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, a total of 75,441 Taiwan Biobank (TWB) participants was enrolled for a GWAS to determine common and rare PCSK9 variants and their associations with LDL-C levels. MR studies were also conducted to determine the association of PCSK9 variants and LDL-C GWAS-associated variants with DM. A regional plot association study with conditional analysis of the PCSK9 locus revealed that PCSK9 rs10788994, rs557211, rs565436, and rs505151 exhibited genome-wide significant associations with serum LDL-C levels. Imputation data revealed that three rare nonsynonymous mutations—namely, rs151193009, rs768846693, and rs757143429—exhibited genome-wide significant association with LDL-C levels. A stepwise regression analysis indicated that seven variants exhibited independent associations with LDL-C levels. On the basis of two-stage least squares regression (2SLS), MR analyses conducted using weighted genetic risk scores (WGRSs) of seven PCSK9 variants or WGRSs of 41 LDL-C GWAS-significant variants revealed significant association with prevalent DM (p = 0.0098 and 5.02 × 10(−7), respectively), which became nonsignificant after adjustment for LDL-C levels. A sensitivity analysis indicated no violation of the exclusion restriction assumption regarding the influence of LDL-C-level-determining genotypes on the risk of DM. Common and rare PCSK9 variants are independently associated with LDL-C levels in the Taiwanese population. The results of MR analyses executed using genetic instruments based on WGRSs derived from PCSK9 variants or LDL-C GWAS-associated variants demonstrate an inverse association between LDL-C levels and DM. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9499600 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94996002022-09-23 Common and Rare PCSK9 Variants Associated with Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Mendelian Randomization Study Hsu, Lung-An Teng, Ming-Sheng Wu, Semon Chou, Hsin-Hua Ko, Yu-Lin Int J Mol Sci Article PCSK9 is a candidate locus for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The cause–effect relationship between LDL-C levels and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been suggested to be mechanism-specific. To identify the role of PCSK9 and genome-wide association study (GWAS)-significant variants in LDL-C levels and the risk of DM by using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, a total of 75,441 Taiwan Biobank (TWB) participants was enrolled for a GWAS to determine common and rare PCSK9 variants and their associations with LDL-C levels. MR studies were also conducted to determine the association of PCSK9 variants and LDL-C GWAS-associated variants with DM. A regional plot association study with conditional analysis of the PCSK9 locus revealed that PCSK9 rs10788994, rs557211, rs565436, and rs505151 exhibited genome-wide significant associations with serum LDL-C levels. Imputation data revealed that three rare nonsynonymous mutations—namely, rs151193009, rs768846693, and rs757143429—exhibited genome-wide significant association with LDL-C levels. A stepwise regression analysis indicated that seven variants exhibited independent associations with LDL-C levels. On the basis of two-stage least squares regression (2SLS), MR analyses conducted using weighted genetic risk scores (WGRSs) of seven PCSK9 variants or WGRSs of 41 LDL-C GWAS-significant variants revealed significant association with prevalent DM (p = 0.0098 and 5.02 × 10(−7), respectively), which became nonsignificant after adjustment for LDL-C levels. A sensitivity analysis indicated no violation of the exclusion restriction assumption regarding the influence of LDL-C-level-determining genotypes on the risk of DM. Common and rare PCSK9 variants are independently associated with LDL-C levels in the Taiwanese population. The results of MR analyses executed using genetic instruments based on WGRSs derived from PCSK9 variants or LDL-C GWAS-associated variants demonstrate an inverse association between LDL-C levels and DM. MDPI 2022-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9499600/ /pubmed/36142332 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810418 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hsu, Lung-An Teng, Ming-Sheng Wu, Semon Chou, Hsin-Hua Ko, Yu-Lin Common and Rare PCSK9 Variants Associated with Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
title | Common and Rare PCSK9 Variants Associated with Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_full | Common and Rare PCSK9 Variants Associated with Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_fullStr | Common and Rare PCSK9 Variants Associated with Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Common and Rare PCSK9 Variants Associated with Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_short | Common and Rare PCSK9 Variants Associated with Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
title_sort | common and rare pcsk9 variants associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and the risk of diabetes mellitus: a mendelian randomization study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9499600/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36142332 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810418 |
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