Ca(v)2.2-NFAT2-USP43 axis promotes invadopodia formation and breast cancer metastasis through cortactin stabilization

Distant metastasis is the main cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. Using the breast cancer genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified brain specific Ca(v)2.2 as a critical regulator of metastasis. Ca(v)2.2 expression is significantly upregulated in breast cancer and its higher expression is inversely correlated with survival suggesting a previously unappreciated role of Ca(v)2.2 in breast cancer. Ca(v)2.2 is required for breast cancer migration, invasion, and metastasis. Interestingly, Ca(v)2.2 promotes invadopodia formation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation through the stabilization of invadopodia component cortactin in a proteosome-dependent manner. Moreover, deubiquitinating enzyme USP43 mediated the functions of Ca(v)2.2 in cortactin stabilization, invadopodia formation, ECM degradation, and metastasis. Interestingly, Ca(v)2.2 upregulates USP43 expression through NFAT2 dephosphorylation and nuclear localization. Our study uncovered a novel pathway that regulates cortactin expression and invadopodia formation in breast cancer metastasis.