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Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity

Obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of body fat and is associated with an increased risk of developing major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. There are clear sexual dimorphisms in the epidemiology, pathophysiology and sequelae of obesity and its accom...

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Autores principales: Brettle, Holly, Tran, Vivian, Drummond, Grant R., Franks, Ashley E., Petrovski, Steve, Vinh, Antony, Jelinic, Maria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9554749/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36248832
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.971048
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author Brettle, Holly
Tran, Vivian
Drummond, Grant R.
Franks, Ashley E.
Petrovski, Steve
Vinh, Antony
Jelinic, Maria
author_facet Brettle, Holly
Tran, Vivian
Drummond, Grant R.
Franks, Ashley E.
Petrovski, Steve
Vinh, Antony
Jelinic, Maria
author_sort Brettle, Holly
collection PubMed
description Obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of body fat and is associated with an increased risk of developing major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. There are clear sexual dimorphisms in the epidemiology, pathophysiology and sequelae of obesity and its accompanying metabolic disorders, with females often better protected compared to males. This protection has predominantly been attributed to the female sex hormone estrogen and differences in fat distribution. More recently, the sexual dimorphisms of obesity have also been attributed to the differences in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, and the intestinal immune system. This review will comprehensively summarize the pre-clinical and clinical evidence for these sexual dimorphisms and discuss the interplay between sex hormones, intestinal inflammation and the gut microbiome in obesity. Major gaps and limitations of this rapidly growing area of research will also be highlighted in this review.
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spelling pubmed-95547492022-10-13 Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity Brettle, Holly Tran, Vivian Drummond, Grant R. Franks, Ashley E. Petrovski, Steve Vinh, Antony Jelinic, Maria Front Immunol Immunology Obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of body fat and is associated with an increased risk of developing major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. There are clear sexual dimorphisms in the epidemiology, pathophysiology and sequelae of obesity and its accompanying metabolic disorders, with females often better protected compared to males. This protection has predominantly been attributed to the female sex hormone estrogen and differences in fat distribution. More recently, the sexual dimorphisms of obesity have also been attributed to the differences in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, and the intestinal immune system. This review will comprehensively summarize the pre-clinical and clinical evidence for these sexual dimorphisms and discuss the interplay between sex hormones, intestinal inflammation and the gut microbiome in obesity. Major gaps and limitations of this rapidly growing area of research will also be highlighted in this review. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9554749/ /pubmed/36248832 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.971048 Text en Copyright © 2022 Brettle, Tran, Drummond, Franks, Petrovski, Vinh and Jelinic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Brettle, Holly
Tran, Vivian
Drummond, Grant R.
Franks, Ashley E.
Petrovski, Steve
Vinh, Antony
Jelinic, Maria
Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity
title Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity
title_full Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity
title_fullStr Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity
title_full_unstemmed Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity
title_short Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity
title_sort sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9554749/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36248832
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.971048
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