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Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity
Obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of body fat and is associated with an increased risk of developing major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. There are clear sexual dimorphisms in the epidemiology, pathophysiology and sequelae of obesity and its accom...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9554749/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36248832 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.971048 |
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author | Brettle, Holly Tran, Vivian Drummond, Grant R. Franks, Ashley E. Petrovski, Steve Vinh, Antony Jelinic, Maria |
author_facet | Brettle, Holly Tran, Vivian Drummond, Grant R. Franks, Ashley E. Petrovski, Steve Vinh, Antony Jelinic, Maria |
author_sort | Brettle, Holly |
collection | PubMed |
description | Obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of body fat and is associated with an increased risk of developing major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. There are clear sexual dimorphisms in the epidemiology, pathophysiology and sequelae of obesity and its accompanying metabolic disorders, with females often better protected compared to males. This protection has predominantly been attributed to the female sex hormone estrogen and differences in fat distribution. More recently, the sexual dimorphisms of obesity have also been attributed to the differences in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, and the intestinal immune system. This review will comprehensively summarize the pre-clinical and clinical evidence for these sexual dimorphisms and discuss the interplay between sex hormones, intestinal inflammation and the gut microbiome in obesity. Major gaps and limitations of this rapidly growing area of research will also be highlighted in this review. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9554749 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95547492022-10-13 Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity Brettle, Holly Tran, Vivian Drummond, Grant R. Franks, Ashley E. Petrovski, Steve Vinh, Antony Jelinic, Maria Front Immunol Immunology Obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of body fat and is associated with an increased risk of developing major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. There are clear sexual dimorphisms in the epidemiology, pathophysiology and sequelae of obesity and its accompanying metabolic disorders, with females often better protected compared to males. This protection has predominantly been attributed to the female sex hormone estrogen and differences in fat distribution. More recently, the sexual dimorphisms of obesity have also been attributed to the differences in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, and the intestinal immune system. This review will comprehensively summarize the pre-clinical and clinical evidence for these sexual dimorphisms and discuss the interplay between sex hormones, intestinal inflammation and the gut microbiome in obesity. Major gaps and limitations of this rapidly growing area of research will also be highlighted in this review. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9554749/ /pubmed/36248832 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.971048 Text en Copyright © 2022 Brettle, Tran, Drummond, Franks, Petrovski, Vinh and Jelinic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Brettle, Holly Tran, Vivian Drummond, Grant R. Franks, Ashley E. Petrovski, Steve Vinh, Antony Jelinic, Maria Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity |
title | Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity |
title_full | Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity |
title_fullStr | Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity |
title_full_unstemmed | Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity |
title_short | Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity |
title_sort | sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9554749/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36248832 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.971048 |
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