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Celiac Disease and Possible Dietary Interventions: From Enzymes and Probiotics to Postbiotics and Viruses

Celiac Disease (CeD) is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy caused by the ingestion of dietary gluten proteins in genetically susceptible individuals. CeD is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, affecting around 1.4% of the population globally. To date, the only acceptable...

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Autores principales: Wagh, Sandip K., Lammers, Karen M., Padul, Manohar V., Rodriguez-Herrera, Alfonso, Dodero, Veronica I.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9569549/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36233048
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911748
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author Wagh, Sandip K.
Lammers, Karen M.
Padul, Manohar V.
Rodriguez-Herrera, Alfonso
Dodero, Veronica I.
author_facet Wagh, Sandip K.
Lammers, Karen M.
Padul, Manohar V.
Rodriguez-Herrera, Alfonso
Dodero, Veronica I.
author_sort Wagh, Sandip K.
collection PubMed
description Celiac Disease (CeD) is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy caused by the ingestion of dietary gluten proteins in genetically susceptible individuals. CeD is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, affecting around 1.4% of the population globally. To date, the only acceptable treatment for CeD is strict, lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, in some cases, GFD does not alter gluten-induced symptoms. In addition, strict adherence to a GFD reduces patients’ quality of life and is often a socio-economic burden. This narrative review offers an interdisciplinary overview of CeD pathomechanism and the limitations of GFD, focusing on current research on possible dietary interventions. It concentrates on the recent research on the degradation of gluten through enzymes, the modulation of the microbiome, and the different types of “biotics” strategies, from probiotics to the less explored “viromebiotics” as possible beneficial complementary interventions for CeD management. The final aim is to set the context for future research that may consider the role of gluten proteins and the microbiome in nutritional and non-pharmacological interventions for CeD beyond the sole use of the GFD.
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spelling pubmed-95695492022-10-17 Celiac Disease and Possible Dietary Interventions: From Enzymes and Probiotics to Postbiotics and Viruses Wagh, Sandip K. Lammers, Karen M. Padul, Manohar V. Rodriguez-Herrera, Alfonso Dodero, Veronica I. Int J Mol Sci Review Celiac Disease (CeD) is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy caused by the ingestion of dietary gluten proteins in genetically susceptible individuals. CeD is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, affecting around 1.4% of the population globally. To date, the only acceptable treatment for CeD is strict, lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, in some cases, GFD does not alter gluten-induced symptoms. In addition, strict adherence to a GFD reduces patients’ quality of life and is often a socio-economic burden. This narrative review offers an interdisciplinary overview of CeD pathomechanism and the limitations of GFD, focusing on current research on possible dietary interventions. It concentrates on the recent research on the degradation of gluten through enzymes, the modulation of the microbiome, and the different types of “biotics” strategies, from probiotics to the less explored “viromebiotics” as possible beneficial complementary interventions for CeD management. The final aim is to set the context for future research that may consider the role of gluten proteins and the microbiome in nutritional and non-pharmacological interventions for CeD beyond the sole use of the GFD. MDPI 2022-10-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9569549/ /pubmed/36233048 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911748 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Wagh, Sandip K.
Lammers, Karen M.
Padul, Manohar V.
Rodriguez-Herrera, Alfonso
Dodero, Veronica I.
Celiac Disease and Possible Dietary Interventions: From Enzymes and Probiotics to Postbiotics and Viruses
title Celiac Disease and Possible Dietary Interventions: From Enzymes and Probiotics to Postbiotics and Viruses
title_full Celiac Disease and Possible Dietary Interventions: From Enzymes and Probiotics to Postbiotics and Viruses
title_fullStr Celiac Disease and Possible Dietary Interventions: From Enzymes and Probiotics to Postbiotics and Viruses
title_full_unstemmed Celiac Disease and Possible Dietary Interventions: From Enzymes and Probiotics to Postbiotics and Viruses
title_short Celiac Disease and Possible Dietary Interventions: From Enzymes and Probiotics to Postbiotics and Viruses
title_sort celiac disease and possible dietary interventions: from enzymes and probiotics to postbiotics and viruses
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9569549/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36233048
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911748
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