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Feeding the Brain: Effect of Nutrients on Cognition, Synaptic Function, and AMPA Receptors
In recent decades, traditional eating habits have been replaced by a more globalized diet, rich in saturated fatty acids and simple sugars. Extensive evidence shows that these dietary factors contribute to cognitive health impairment as well as increase the incidence of metabolic diseases such as ob...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9572450/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36235789 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14194137 |
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author | Fadó, Rut Molins, Anna Rojas, Rocío Casals, Núria |
author_facet | Fadó, Rut Molins, Anna Rojas, Rocío Casals, Núria |
author_sort | Fadó, Rut |
collection | PubMed |
description | In recent decades, traditional eating habits have been replaced by a more globalized diet, rich in saturated fatty acids and simple sugars. Extensive evidence shows that these dietary factors contribute to cognitive health impairment as well as increase the incidence of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. However, how these nutrients modulate synaptic function and neuroplasticity is poorly understood. We review the Western, ketogenic, and paleolithic diets for their effects on cognition and correlations with synaptic changes, focusing mainly (but not exclusively) on animal model studies aimed at tracing molecular alterations that may contribute to impaired human cognition. We observe that memory and learning deficits mediated by high-fat/high-sugar diets, even over short exposure times, are associated with reduced arborization, widened synaptic cleft, narrowed post-synaptic zone, and decreased activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, and also observe that these alterations correlate with deregulation of the AMPA-type glutamate ionotropic receptors (AMPARs) that are crucial to neuroplasticity. Furthermore, we explored which diet-mediated mechanisms modulate synaptic AMPARs and whether certain supplements or nutritional interventions could reverse deleterious effects, contributing to improved learning and memory in older people and patients with Alzheimer’s disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9572450 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95724502022-10-17 Feeding the Brain: Effect of Nutrients on Cognition, Synaptic Function, and AMPA Receptors Fadó, Rut Molins, Anna Rojas, Rocío Casals, Núria Nutrients Review In recent decades, traditional eating habits have been replaced by a more globalized diet, rich in saturated fatty acids and simple sugars. Extensive evidence shows that these dietary factors contribute to cognitive health impairment as well as increase the incidence of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. However, how these nutrients modulate synaptic function and neuroplasticity is poorly understood. We review the Western, ketogenic, and paleolithic diets for their effects on cognition and correlations with synaptic changes, focusing mainly (but not exclusively) on animal model studies aimed at tracing molecular alterations that may contribute to impaired human cognition. We observe that memory and learning deficits mediated by high-fat/high-sugar diets, even over short exposure times, are associated with reduced arborization, widened synaptic cleft, narrowed post-synaptic zone, and decreased activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, and also observe that these alterations correlate with deregulation of the AMPA-type glutamate ionotropic receptors (AMPARs) that are crucial to neuroplasticity. Furthermore, we explored which diet-mediated mechanisms modulate synaptic AMPARs and whether certain supplements or nutritional interventions could reverse deleterious effects, contributing to improved learning and memory in older people and patients with Alzheimer’s disease. MDPI 2022-10-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9572450/ /pubmed/36235789 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14194137 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Fadó, Rut Molins, Anna Rojas, Rocío Casals, Núria Feeding the Brain: Effect of Nutrients on Cognition, Synaptic Function, and AMPA Receptors |
title | Feeding the Brain: Effect of Nutrients on Cognition, Synaptic Function, and AMPA Receptors |
title_full | Feeding the Brain: Effect of Nutrients on Cognition, Synaptic Function, and AMPA Receptors |
title_fullStr | Feeding the Brain: Effect of Nutrients on Cognition, Synaptic Function, and AMPA Receptors |
title_full_unstemmed | Feeding the Brain: Effect of Nutrients on Cognition, Synaptic Function, and AMPA Receptors |
title_short | Feeding the Brain: Effect of Nutrients on Cognition, Synaptic Function, and AMPA Receptors |
title_sort | feeding the brain: effect of nutrients on cognition, synaptic function, and ampa receptors |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9572450/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36235789 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14194137 |
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