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Comparison of blood and lymph node cells after intramuscular injection with HIV envelope immunogens

BACKGROUND: Harnessing CD4+ T cell help in the lymph nodes through rational antigen design could enhance formation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) during experimental HIV immunization. This process has remained hidden due to difficulty with direct study, with clinical studies instead focu...

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Autores principales: Day, Suzanne, Kaur, Charandeep, Cheeseman, Hannah M., de Groot, Emily, McFarlane, Leon R., Tanaka, Maniola, Coelho, Sofia, Cole, Tom, Lemm, Nana-Marie, Lim, Adrian, Sanders, Rogier W., Asquith, Becca, Shattock, Robin J., Pollock, Katrina M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9579690/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36275655
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.991509
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author Day, Suzanne
Kaur, Charandeep
Cheeseman, Hannah M.
de Groot, Emily
McFarlane, Leon R.
Tanaka, Maniola
Coelho, Sofia
Cole, Tom
Lemm, Nana-Marie
Lim, Adrian
Sanders, Rogier W.
Asquith, Becca
Shattock, Robin J.
Pollock, Katrina M.
author_facet Day, Suzanne
Kaur, Charandeep
Cheeseman, Hannah M.
de Groot, Emily
McFarlane, Leon R.
Tanaka, Maniola
Coelho, Sofia
Cole, Tom
Lemm, Nana-Marie
Lim, Adrian
Sanders, Rogier W.
Asquith, Becca
Shattock, Robin J.
Pollock, Katrina M.
author_sort Day, Suzanne
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Harnessing CD4+ T cell help in the lymph nodes through rational antigen design could enhance formation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) during experimental HIV immunization. This process has remained hidden due to difficulty with direct study, with clinical studies instead focusing on responses in the blood as a proxy for the secondary lymphoid tissue. METHODS: To address this, lymph node cells (LNC) were collected using ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration of axillary lymph nodes from 11 HIV negative participants in an experimental HIV immunogen study (European AIDS Vaccine Initiative EAVI2020_01 study, NCT04046978). Cells from lymph node and blood (PBMC), were collected after intramuscular injection with HIV Env Mosaic immunogens based on HIV Envelope glycoprotein and combined with a liposomal toll-like receptor-4 adjuvant; monophosphoryl lipid A. Simultaneously sampled cells from both blood and lymph node in the same donors were compared for phenotype, function, and antigen-specificity. RESULTS: Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed tissue-specific differences in abundance, distribution, and functional response of LNC compared with PBMC. Monocytes were virtually absent from LNC, which were significantly enriched for CD4+ T cells compared with CD8+ T cells. T follicular helper cells with germinal center features were enriched in LNC, which contained specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets including CD4+ T cells that responded after a single injection with HIV Env Mosaic immunogens combined with adjuvant. Tissue-specific differences in response to an MHC-II dependent superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, indicated divergence in antigen presentation function between blood and lymph node. CONCLUSIONS: LNC are phenotypically and functionally distinct from PBMC, suggesting that whole blood is only a limited proxy of the T cell lymphatic response to immunization. HIV-specific CD4+ T cells in the lymph node are rapidly inducible upon experimental injection with HIV immunogens. Monitoring evolution of CD4+ T cell memory in LNC with repeated experimental HIV immunization could indicate the strategies most likely to be successful in inducing HIV-specific bNAbs.
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spelling pubmed-95796902022-10-20 Comparison of blood and lymph node cells after intramuscular injection with HIV envelope immunogens Day, Suzanne Kaur, Charandeep Cheeseman, Hannah M. de Groot, Emily McFarlane, Leon R. Tanaka, Maniola Coelho, Sofia Cole, Tom Lemm, Nana-Marie Lim, Adrian Sanders, Rogier W. Asquith, Becca Shattock, Robin J. Pollock, Katrina M. Front Immunol Immunology BACKGROUND: Harnessing CD4+ T cell help in the lymph nodes through rational antigen design could enhance formation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) during experimental HIV immunization. This process has remained hidden due to difficulty with direct study, with clinical studies instead focusing on responses in the blood as a proxy for the secondary lymphoid tissue. METHODS: To address this, lymph node cells (LNC) were collected using ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration of axillary lymph nodes from 11 HIV negative participants in an experimental HIV immunogen study (European AIDS Vaccine Initiative EAVI2020_01 study, NCT04046978). Cells from lymph node and blood (PBMC), were collected after intramuscular injection with HIV Env Mosaic immunogens based on HIV Envelope glycoprotein and combined with a liposomal toll-like receptor-4 adjuvant; monophosphoryl lipid A. Simultaneously sampled cells from both blood and lymph node in the same donors were compared for phenotype, function, and antigen-specificity. RESULTS: Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed tissue-specific differences in abundance, distribution, and functional response of LNC compared with PBMC. Monocytes were virtually absent from LNC, which were significantly enriched for CD4+ T cells compared with CD8+ T cells. T follicular helper cells with germinal center features were enriched in LNC, which contained specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets including CD4+ T cells that responded after a single injection with HIV Env Mosaic immunogens combined with adjuvant. Tissue-specific differences in response to an MHC-II dependent superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, indicated divergence in antigen presentation function between blood and lymph node. CONCLUSIONS: LNC are phenotypically and functionally distinct from PBMC, suggesting that whole blood is only a limited proxy of the T cell lymphatic response to immunization. HIV-specific CD4+ T cells in the lymph node are rapidly inducible upon experimental injection with HIV immunogens. Monitoring evolution of CD4+ T cell memory in LNC with repeated experimental HIV immunization could indicate the strategies most likely to be successful in inducing HIV-specific bNAbs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-10-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9579690/ /pubmed/36275655 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.991509 Text en Copyright © 2022 Day, Kaur, Cheeseman, de Groot, McFarlane, Tanaka, Coelho, Cole, Lemm, Lim, Sanders, Asquith, Shattock and Pollock https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Day, Suzanne
Kaur, Charandeep
Cheeseman, Hannah M.
de Groot, Emily
McFarlane, Leon R.
Tanaka, Maniola
Coelho, Sofia
Cole, Tom
Lemm, Nana-Marie
Lim, Adrian
Sanders, Rogier W.
Asquith, Becca
Shattock, Robin J.
Pollock, Katrina M.
Comparison of blood and lymph node cells after intramuscular injection with HIV envelope immunogens
title Comparison of blood and lymph node cells after intramuscular injection with HIV envelope immunogens
title_full Comparison of blood and lymph node cells after intramuscular injection with HIV envelope immunogens
title_fullStr Comparison of blood and lymph node cells after intramuscular injection with HIV envelope immunogens
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of blood and lymph node cells after intramuscular injection with HIV envelope immunogens
title_short Comparison of blood and lymph node cells after intramuscular injection with HIV envelope immunogens
title_sort comparison of blood and lymph node cells after intramuscular injection with hiv envelope immunogens
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9579690/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36275655
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.991509
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