Cargando…
Food Outlet Access and the Healthiness of Food Available ‘On-Demand’ via Meal Delivery Apps in New Zealand
Access to unhealthy commodities is a key factor determining consumption, and therefore influences the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Recently, there has been an increase in the availability of food ‘on-demand’ via meal delivery apps (MDAs). However, the public health and equity impacts of...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9607030/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36296912 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14204228 |
_version_ | 1784818439197556736 |
---|---|
author | Norriss, Dru Crossin, Rose Curl, Angela Bidwell, Susan Clark, Elinor Pocock, Tessa Gage, Ryan McKerchar, Christina |
author_facet | Norriss, Dru Crossin, Rose Curl, Angela Bidwell, Susan Clark, Elinor Pocock, Tessa Gage, Ryan McKerchar, Christina |
author_sort | Norriss, Dru |
collection | PubMed |
description | Access to unhealthy commodities is a key factor determining consumption, and therefore influences the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Recently, there has been an increase in the availability of food ‘on-demand’ via meal delivery apps (MDAs). However, the public health and equity impacts of this shift are not yet well understood. This study focused on three MDAs in New Zealand and aimed to answer (1) what is the health profile of the foods being offered on-demand, (2) how many food outlets are available and does this differ by physical access or neighbourhood demographics and (3) does the health profile of foods offered differ by physical access or neighbourhood demographics? A dataset was created by sampling a set of street addresses across a range of demographic variables, and recording the menu items and number of available outlets offered to each address. Machine learning was utilised to evaluate the healthiness of menu items, and we examined if healthiness and the number of available outlets varied by neighbourhood demographics. Over 75% of menu items offered by all MDAs were unhealthy and approximately 30% of all menu items across the three MDAs scored at the lowest level of healthiness. Statistically significant differences by demographics were identified in one of the three MDAs in this study, which suggested that the proportion of unhealthy foods offered was highest in areas with the greatest socioeconomic deprivation and those with a higher proportion of Māori population. Policy and regulatory approaches need to adapt to this novel mode of access to unhealthy foods, to mitigate public health consequences and the effects on population groups already more vulnerable to non-communicable diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9607030 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96070302022-10-28 Food Outlet Access and the Healthiness of Food Available ‘On-Demand’ via Meal Delivery Apps in New Zealand Norriss, Dru Crossin, Rose Curl, Angela Bidwell, Susan Clark, Elinor Pocock, Tessa Gage, Ryan McKerchar, Christina Nutrients Article Access to unhealthy commodities is a key factor determining consumption, and therefore influences the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Recently, there has been an increase in the availability of food ‘on-demand’ via meal delivery apps (MDAs). However, the public health and equity impacts of this shift are not yet well understood. This study focused on three MDAs in New Zealand and aimed to answer (1) what is the health profile of the foods being offered on-demand, (2) how many food outlets are available and does this differ by physical access or neighbourhood demographics and (3) does the health profile of foods offered differ by physical access or neighbourhood demographics? A dataset was created by sampling a set of street addresses across a range of demographic variables, and recording the menu items and number of available outlets offered to each address. Machine learning was utilised to evaluate the healthiness of menu items, and we examined if healthiness and the number of available outlets varied by neighbourhood demographics. Over 75% of menu items offered by all MDAs were unhealthy and approximately 30% of all menu items across the three MDAs scored at the lowest level of healthiness. Statistically significant differences by demographics were identified in one of the three MDAs in this study, which suggested that the proportion of unhealthy foods offered was highest in areas with the greatest socioeconomic deprivation and those with a higher proportion of Māori population. Policy and regulatory approaches need to adapt to this novel mode of access to unhealthy foods, to mitigate public health consequences and the effects on population groups already more vulnerable to non-communicable diseases. MDPI 2022-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9607030/ /pubmed/36296912 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14204228 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Norriss, Dru Crossin, Rose Curl, Angela Bidwell, Susan Clark, Elinor Pocock, Tessa Gage, Ryan McKerchar, Christina Food Outlet Access and the Healthiness of Food Available ‘On-Demand’ via Meal Delivery Apps in New Zealand |
title | Food Outlet Access and the Healthiness of Food Available ‘On-Demand’ via Meal Delivery Apps in New Zealand |
title_full | Food Outlet Access and the Healthiness of Food Available ‘On-Demand’ via Meal Delivery Apps in New Zealand |
title_fullStr | Food Outlet Access and the Healthiness of Food Available ‘On-Demand’ via Meal Delivery Apps in New Zealand |
title_full_unstemmed | Food Outlet Access and the Healthiness of Food Available ‘On-Demand’ via Meal Delivery Apps in New Zealand |
title_short | Food Outlet Access and the Healthiness of Food Available ‘On-Demand’ via Meal Delivery Apps in New Zealand |
title_sort | food outlet access and the healthiness of food available ‘on-demand’ via meal delivery apps in new zealand |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9607030/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36296912 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14204228 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT norrissdru foodoutletaccessandthehealthinessoffoodavailableondemandviamealdeliveryappsinnewzealand AT crossinrose foodoutletaccessandthehealthinessoffoodavailableondemandviamealdeliveryappsinnewzealand AT curlangela foodoutletaccessandthehealthinessoffoodavailableondemandviamealdeliveryappsinnewzealand AT bidwellsusan foodoutletaccessandthehealthinessoffoodavailableondemandviamealdeliveryappsinnewzealand AT clarkelinor foodoutletaccessandthehealthinessoffoodavailableondemandviamealdeliveryappsinnewzealand AT pococktessa foodoutletaccessandthehealthinessoffoodavailableondemandviamealdeliveryappsinnewzealand AT gageryan foodoutletaccessandthehealthinessoffoodavailableondemandviamealdeliveryappsinnewzealand AT mckercharchristina foodoutletaccessandthehealthinessoffoodavailableondemandviamealdeliveryappsinnewzealand |