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The prevalence of insufficient iodine intake in pregnancy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Fortification of foodstuffs with iodine, mainly through iodization of salt, which commenced in several African countries after 1995 is the main method for mitigating iodine deficiency in Africa. We assessed the degree of iodine nutrition in pregnancy across Africa before and after the im...

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Autores principales: Businge, Charles Bitamazire, Musarurwa, Hannibal Tafadzwa, Longo-Mbenza, Benjamin, Kengne, Andre Pascal
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9615360/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36303220
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13643-022-02072-6
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author Businge, Charles Bitamazire
Musarurwa, Hannibal Tafadzwa
Longo-Mbenza, Benjamin
Kengne, Andre Pascal
author_facet Businge, Charles Bitamazire
Musarurwa, Hannibal Tafadzwa
Longo-Mbenza, Benjamin
Kengne, Andre Pascal
author_sort Businge, Charles Bitamazire
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Fortification of foodstuffs with iodine, mainly through iodization of salt, which commenced in several African countries after 1995 is the main method for mitigating iodine deficiency in Africa. We assessed the degree of iodine nutrition in pregnancy across Africa before and after the implementation of national iodine fortification programs (CRD42018099434). METHODS: Electronic databases and gray literature were searched for baseline data before implementation of population-based iodine supplementation and for follow-up data up to September 2020. R-metamedian and metamean packages were used to pool country-specific median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) estimates and derived mean UIC from studies with similar features. RESULTS: Of 54 African countries, 23 had data on iodine nutrition in pregnancy mostly from subnational samples. Data before 1995 showed that severe iodine deficiency was prevalent in pregnancy with a pooled pregnancy median UIC of 28.6 μg/L (95% CI 7.6–49.5). By 2005, five studies revealed a trend towards improvement in iodine nutrition state in pregnancy with a pooled pregnancy median UIC of 174.1 μg/L (95% CI 90.4–257.7). Between 2005 and 2020 increased numbers of national and subnational studies revealed that few African countries had sufficient, while most had mildly inadequate, and some severely inadequate iodine nutrition in pregnancy. The pooled pregnancy median UIC was 145 μg/L (95% CI 126–172). CONCLUSION: Improvement in iodine nutrition status in pregnancy following the introduction of fortification of foodstuffs with iodine in Africa is sub-optimal, exposing a large proportion of pregnant women to the risk of iodine deficiency and associated disorders. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42018099434
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spelling pubmed-96153602022-10-29 The prevalence of insufficient iodine intake in pregnancy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis Businge, Charles Bitamazire Musarurwa, Hannibal Tafadzwa Longo-Mbenza, Benjamin Kengne, Andre Pascal Syst Rev Research BACKGROUND: Fortification of foodstuffs with iodine, mainly through iodization of salt, which commenced in several African countries after 1995 is the main method for mitigating iodine deficiency in Africa. We assessed the degree of iodine nutrition in pregnancy across Africa before and after the implementation of national iodine fortification programs (CRD42018099434). METHODS: Electronic databases and gray literature were searched for baseline data before implementation of population-based iodine supplementation and for follow-up data up to September 2020. R-metamedian and metamean packages were used to pool country-specific median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) estimates and derived mean UIC from studies with similar features. RESULTS: Of 54 African countries, 23 had data on iodine nutrition in pregnancy mostly from subnational samples. Data before 1995 showed that severe iodine deficiency was prevalent in pregnancy with a pooled pregnancy median UIC of 28.6 μg/L (95% CI 7.6–49.5). By 2005, five studies revealed a trend towards improvement in iodine nutrition state in pregnancy with a pooled pregnancy median UIC of 174.1 μg/L (95% CI 90.4–257.7). Between 2005 and 2020 increased numbers of national and subnational studies revealed that few African countries had sufficient, while most had mildly inadequate, and some severely inadequate iodine nutrition in pregnancy. The pooled pregnancy median UIC was 145 μg/L (95% CI 126–172). CONCLUSION: Improvement in iodine nutrition status in pregnancy following the introduction of fortification of foodstuffs with iodine in Africa is sub-optimal, exposing a large proportion of pregnant women to the risk of iodine deficiency and associated disorders. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42018099434 BioMed Central 2022-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9615360/ /pubmed/36303220 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13643-022-02072-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Businge, Charles Bitamazire
Musarurwa, Hannibal Tafadzwa
Longo-Mbenza, Benjamin
Kengne, Andre Pascal
The prevalence of insufficient iodine intake in pregnancy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title The prevalence of insufficient iodine intake in pregnancy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full The prevalence of insufficient iodine intake in pregnancy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr The prevalence of insufficient iodine intake in pregnancy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed The prevalence of insufficient iodine intake in pregnancy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short The prevalence of insufficient iodine intake in pregnancy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort prevalence of insufficient iodine intake in pregnancy in africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9615360/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36303220
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13643-022-02072-6
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