An immunogenic cell death-associated classification predictions are important for breast invasive carcinoma prognosis and immunotherapy

As a type of regulated cell death (RCD), immunogenic cell death (ICD) can initiate the adaptive immune responses. Numerous reports highlight the capacity of ICD to alter the tumor immune microenvironment by releasing Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP) or danger signals to boost the efficacy of immunotherapy. Therefore, identification of the ICD-associated biomarkers is crucial for the prediction of ICD-induced immune responses. In this report, the consensus clustering technique was used to identify two subcategories (subtypes) linked to ICD. In comparison to the ICD-low subcategory, the ICD-high subcategory showed longer survival and more immune cell infiltration. Then, a novel ICD-associated prognostic model was developed and validated for predicting the survival of patients with breast invasive carcinomas (BRCA) and is linked to the tumor immune microenvironment. To conclude, a novel ICD-based BRCA classification scheme was designed. For individuals with BRCA, this categorization will be crucial for directing the assessment of prognosis and treatment.