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Lettuce Contamination and Survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in Hydroponic Nutrient Film Technique Systems

Hydroponic vegetable production is increasing globally, but there is a lack of science-based recommendations to ensure their food safety. Specifically, there is limited evidence for establishing water management strategies. The purpose of this study was to determine the survival of Salmonella Typhim...

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Autores principales: Ilic, Sanja, Moodispaw, Margaret R., Madden, Lawrence V., Lewis Ivey, Melanie L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9657165/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36360121
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11213508
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author Ilic, Sanja
Moodispaw, Margaret R.
Madden, Lawrence V.
Lewis Ivey, Melanie L.
author_facet Ilic, Sanja
Moodispaw, Margaret R.
Madden, Lawrence V.
Lewis Ivey, Melanie L.
author_sort Ilic, Sanja
collection PubMed
description Hydroponic vegetable production is increasing globally, but there is a lack of science-based recommendations to ensure their food safety. Specifically, there is limited evidence for establishing water management strategies. The purpose of this study was to determine the survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in commercial nutrient flow technology (NFT) systems during the lifecycle of lettuce exposed to sporadic or extreme contamination. NFT systems were inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium or Listeria monocytogenes, and nutrient solution, rockwool, roots, and lettuce leaves were collected over the lettuce production cycle for pathogen enumeration and detection. Both human pathogens persisted in the lettuce NFT growing system throughout the growth cycle of lettuce. Salmonella Typhimurium and L. monocytogenes accumulated in rockwool medium and on lettuce roots and were transferred to the leaves at quantifiable levels from the contaminated nutrient solution. In the nutrient solution, Salmonella concentration under sporadic and extreme conditions declined significantly 24 h after inoculation and again 7 days post-inoculation (p < 0.0001). Under extreme conditions, the concentration did not change significantly after 7 days, while under sporadic conditions, the concentration declined again 14 days post-inoculation in the nutrient solution collected from the reservoirs. L. monocytogenes populations in the nutrient solution fluctuated significantly over the 28-day growth cycle (p < 0.0001). Under extreme conditions, L. monocytogenes concentrations in the nutrient solution declined, while under sporadic conditions, the populations increased. The findings of this study, for the first time, describe human pathogen survival in commerical NFT systems and highlight the urgent need for novel approaches to mitigating the risks from nutrient solution contaminaiton in hydroponics.
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spelling pubmed-96571652022-11-15 Lettuce Contamination and Survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in Hydroponic Nutrient Film Technique Systems Ilic, Sanja Moodispaw, Margaret R. Madden, Lawrence V. Lewis Ivey, Melanie L. Foods Article Hydroponic vegetable production is increasing globally, but there is a lack of science-based recommendations to ensure their food safety. Specifically, there is limited evidence for establishing water management strategies. The purpose of this study was to determine the survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in commercial nutrient flow technology (NFT) systems during the lifecycle of lettuce exposed to sporadic or extreme contamination. NFT systems were inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium or Listeria monocytogenes, and nutrient solution, rockwool, roots, and lettuce leaves were collected over the lettuce production cycle for pathogen enumeration and detection. Both human pathogens persisted in the lettuce NFT growing system throughout the growth cycle of lettuce. Salmonella Typhimurium and L. monocytogenes accumulated in rockwool medium and on lettuce roots and were transferred to the leaves at quantifiable levels from the contaminated nutrient solution. In the nutrient solution, Salmonella concentration under sporadic and extreme conditions declined significantly 24 h after inoculation and again 7 days post-inoculation (p < 0.0001). Under extreme conditions, the concentration did not change significantly after 7 days, while under sporadic conditions, the concentration declined again 14 days post-inoculation in the nutrient solution collected from the reservoirs. L. monocytogenes populations in the nutrient solution fluctuated significantly over the 28-day growth cycle (p < 0.0001). Under extreme conditions, L. monocytogenes concentrations in the nutrient solution declined, while under sporadic conditions, the populations increased. The findings of this study, for the first time, describe human pathogen survival in commerical NFT systems and highlight the urgent need for novel approaches to mitigating the risks from nutrient solution contaminaiton in hydroponics. MDPI 2022-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9657165/ /pubmed/36360121 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11213508 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ilic, Sanja
Moodispaw, Margaret R.
Madden, Lawrence V.
Lewis Ivey, Melanie L.
Lettuce Contamination and Survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in Hydroponic Nutrient Film Technique Systems
title Lettuce Contamination and Survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in Hydroponic Nutrient Film Technique Systems
title_full Lettuce Contamination and Survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in Hydroponic Nutrient Film Technique Systems
title_fullStr Lettuce Contamination and Survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in Hydroponic Nutrient Film Technique Systems
title_full_unstemmed Lettuce Contamination and Survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in Hydroponic Nutrient Film Technique Systems
title_short Lettuce Contamination and Survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in Hydroponic Nutrient Film Technique Systems
title_sort lettuce contamination and survival of salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes in hydroponic nutrient film technique systems
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9657165/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36360121
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11213508
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