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Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose Gels
Agarose gels containing and not bacteriorhodopsin purple membranes (incorporated before gelling) manifest spontaneous optical anisotropy. The dependencies of the anisotropy on the agarose concentration and time have been studied. The rise in the anisotropy is explained by the predominant orientation...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9690220/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36421575 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8110753 |
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author | Zhivkov, Alexandar M. Hristova, Svetlana H. |
author_facet | Zhivkov, Alexandar M. Hristova, Svetlana H. |
author_sort | Zhivkov, Alexandar M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Agarose gels containing and not bacteriorhodopsin purple membranes (incorporated before gelling) manifest spontaneous optical anisotropy. The dependencies of the anisotropy on the agarose concentration and time have been studied. The rise in the anisotropy is explained by the predominant orientation of the agarose fibers during the gelling and subsequent deformation of the gel net. In the electric field, additional optical anisotropy rises, which is caused by the orientation of the membranes. A procedure has been developed to separate electrically induced and spontaneous anisotropy in composite gels. The isoelectric points and surface electric potential of bacteriorhodopsin trimer and purple membranes are calculated by the method of protein electrostatics to explain their electric asymmetry, which leads to perpendicular orientation in the direct electric field and longitudinal in the kilohertz sinusoidal field. The results allow for an increase in the separation capability of composite gels of electrophoresis for macromolecules with different sizes by applying an appropriate electric field to modulate the effective pore size. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9690220 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96902202022-11-25 Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose Gels Zhivkov, Alexandar M. Hristova, Svetlana H. Gels Article Agarose gels containing and not bacteriorhodopsin purple membranes (incorporated before gelling) manifest spontaneous optical anisotropy. The dependencies of the anisotropy on the agarose concentration and time have been studied. The rise in the anisotropy is explained by the predominant orientation of the agarose fibers during the gelling and subsequent deformation of the gel net. In the electric field, additional optical anisotropy rises, which is caused by the orientation of the membranes. A procedure has been developed to separate electrically induced and spontaneous anisotropy in composite gels. The isoelectric points and surface electric potential of bacteriorhodopsin trimer and purple membranes are calculated by the method of protein electrostatics to explain their electric asymmetry, which leads to perpendicular orientation in the direct electric field and longitudinal in the kilohertz sinusoidal field. The results allow for an increase in the separation capability of composite gels of electrophoresis for macromolecules with different sizes by applying an appropriate electric field to modulate the effective pore size. MDPI 2022-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9690220/ /pubmed/36421575 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8110753 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zhivkov, Alexandar M. Hristova, Svetlana H. Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose Gels |
title | Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose Gels |
title_full | Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose Gels |
title_fullStr | Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose Gels |
title_full_unstemmed | Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose Gels |
title_short | Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose Gels |
title_sort | spontaneous and electrically induced anisotropy of composite agarose gels |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9690220/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36421575 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8110753 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT zhivkovalexandarm spontaneousandelectricallyinducedanisotropyofcompositeagarosegels AT hristovasvetlanah spontaneousandelectricallyinducedanisotropyofcompositeagarosegels |