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Kinetic analysis of ternary and binary binding modes of the bispecific antibody emicizumab

The binding properties of bispecific antibodies (bsAb) are crucial for their function, especially when two antigens are targeted on the same cell surface. Dynamic interactions between each of the antibody’s arms and its cognate target cause the formation and decay of a biologically functional ternar...

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Autores principales: Mak, Stefanie, Marszal, Agnes, Matscheko, Nena, Rant, Ulrich
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9724730/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36453702
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19420862.2022.2149053
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author Mak, Stefanie
Marszal, Agnes
Matscheko, Nena
Rant, Ulrich
author_facet Mak, Stefanie
Marszal, Agnes
Matscheko, Nena
Rant, Ulrich
author_sort Mak, Stefanie
collection PubMed
description The binding properties of bispecific antibodies (bsAb) are crucial for their function, especially when two antigens are targeted on the same cell surface. Dynamic interactions between each of the antibody’s arms and its cognate target cause the formation and decay of a biologically functional ternary complex. How association and dissociation processes work cooperatively, and how they influence the avidity of the ternary complex, is still poorly understood. Here, we present a biosensor assay for the simultaneous measurement of the binding kinetics of the therapeutic bsAb emicizumab (Hemlibra®) and its two targets, the blood coagulation factors IX and X (FIX, FX). We describe an automated workflow to characterize binary and ternary-binding modes, utilizing a Y-shaped DNA nanostructure to immobilize the antigens on a sensor and to emulate conditions on a cell or platelet surface by presenting the antigens with optimal accessibility for the bsAb flown over the sensor as analyte. We find that emicizumab binds FX much stronger than FIX (K(d) = 0.05 µM vs. 5 µM, t(1/2) = 20 s vs. 1 s) with profound consequences on the avidity of the ternary complex, which is dominated by FX’s binding properties and a hand-off mechanism from FX to FIX. Moreover, formation and decay of the ternary complex depend on the bsAb concentration during the association phase. Emicizumab’s in-vivo mode of action and the catalytic activation of FX can be rationalized from the analyzed binding kinetics. The assay and workflow are well suited for the screening of bispecific binders in drug discovery and provide valuable new kinetic information. Abbreviations: bsAb: bispecific antibody; FVIII/FIX/FX: coagulation factors VIII/IX/X; SPR: surface plasmon resonance; k(on): association rate constant; k(off): dissociation rate constant; K(D): equilibrium dissociation constant; t(1/2): dissociation half-life
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spelling pubmed-97247302023-02-06 Kinetic analysis of ternary and binary binding modes of the bispecific antibody emicizumab Mak, Stefanie Marszal, Agnes Matscheko, Nena Rant, Ulrich MAbs Report The binding properties of bispecific antibodies (bsAb) are crucial for their function, especially when two antigens are targeted on the same cell surface. Dynamic interactions between each of the antibody’s arms and its cognate target cause the formation and decay of a biologically functional ternary complex. How association and dissociation processes work cooperatively, and how they influence the avidity of the ternary complex, is still poorly understood. Here, we present a biosensor assay for the simultaneous measurement of the binding kinetics of the therapeutic bsAb emicizumab (Hemlibra®) and its two targets, the blood coagulation factors IX and X (FIX, FX). We describe an automated workflow to characterize binary and ternary-binding modes, utilizing a Y-shaped DNA nanostructure to immobilize the antigens on a sensor and to emulate conditions on a cell or platelet surface by presenting the antigens with optimal accessibility for the bsAb flown over the sensor as analyte. We find that emicizumab binds FX much stronger than FIX (K(d) = 0.05 µM vs. 5 µM, t(1/2) = 20 s vs. 1 s) with profound consequences on the avidity of the ternary complex, which is dominated by FX’s binding properties and a hand-off mechanism from FX to FIX. Moreover, formation and decay of the ternary complex depend on the bsAb concentration during the association phase. Emicizumab’s in-vivo mode of action and the catalytic activation of FX can be rationalized from the analyzed binding kinetics. The assay and workflow are well suited for the screening of bispecific binders in drug discovery and provide valuable new kinetic information. Abbreviations: bsAb: bispecific antibody; FVIII/FIX/FX: coagulation factors VIII/IX/X; SPR: surface plasmon resonance; k(on): association rate constant; k(off): dissociation rate constant; K(D): equilibrium dissociation constant; t(1/2): dissociation half-life Taylor & Francis 2022-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9724730/ /pubmed/36453702 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19420862.2022.2149053 Text en © 2022 Dynamic Biosensors GmbH. Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Report
Mak, Stefanie
Marszal, Agnes
Matscheko, Nena
Rant, Ulrich
Kinetic analysis of ternary and binary binding modes of the bispecific antibody emicizumab
title Kinetic analysis of ternary and binary binding modes of the bispecific antibody emicizumab
title_full Kinetic analysis of ternary and binary binding modes of the bispecific antibody emicizumab
title_fullStr Kinetic analysis of ternary and binary binding modes of the bispecific antibody emicizumab
title_full_unstemmed Kinetic analysis of ternary and binary binding modes of the bispecific antibody emicizumab
title_short Kinetic analysis of ternary and binary binding modes of the bispecific antibody emicizumab
title_sort kinetic analysis of ternary and binary binding modes of the bispecific antibody emicizumab
topic Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9724730/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36453702
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19420862.2022.2149053
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