Metabolic and cardiovascular responses to continuous and intermittent plank exercises

BACKGROUND: Plank exercise (PE) is a whole-body isometric muscle training which is beneficial for physical health. However, none of the previous studies investigated the responses within a typical isometric muscle training or PE protocol consisting of multiple sets. The application of PE was restricted for the understudied metabolic and cardiovascular responses, especially for the patients with cardiovascular diseases. This study is to alleviate the safety concerns of PE by investigating the PE-induced metabolic and cardiovascular responses. METHODS: Eleven male recreational-level college students completed a baseline cardiopulmonary exercise test, continuous PE (CPE) and intermittent PE (IPE). Ratio of maximal oxygen uptake per kilogram of body mass (%VO(2max)/kg), ratio of maximal heart rate (%HR(max)), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were continuously measured during PEs and divided into seven equal timepoints. Blood pressure (BP) was measured every minute during, before, and after PEs. A mixed-model repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the interaction effect of exercise × phase. RESULTS: The %VO(2max)/kg (F(6,69)=11.25, P < 0.001), %HR(max) (F(6,65)=7.74, P < 0.001), RER (F(6,69)=11.56, P < 0.001), and BP (systolic BP, F(2,26)=8.42, P = 0.002; diastolic BP, F(2,24)=22.63, P < 0.001) increased by safe magnitudes. Compared with the corresponding period in the IPE group, the %VO(2max)/kg (33.5 [2.2] vs. 27.7 [1.9], P = 0.043) and %HR(max) (63.2 [3.9] vs. 53.3 [2.1], P = 0.019) increased more significantly from the 40% duration of CPE. Systolic BP increased by larger magnitudes during CPE than IPE (154.2 [3.8] vs. 142.3 [4.8] mmHg, P = 0.002). RERs were over 1 during PEs without cardiovascular and metabolic variables over the anaerobic threshold. CONCLUSION: Energy was mainly supplied by anaerobic metabolism during PEs. CPE may be preferable for trainees aiming at anaerobic capacity enhancement. IPEs may be preferable to CPEs for youth patients with mild and borderline cardiovascular diseases due to their lower metabolic and cardiovascular responses.