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Upcycling Fish By-Products into Bioactive Fish Oil: The Suitability of Microwave-Assisted Extraction

The seafood industry is often left out of the food waste discussion, but this sector is no exception, as it generates large amounts of various by-products. This study aimed to explore the potential of the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique to obtain high-quality oil from fish by-products....

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Autores principales: Pinela, José, de la Fuente, Beatriz, Rodrigues, Matilde, Pires, Tânia C. S. P., Mandim, Filipa, Almeida, André, Dias, Maria Inês, Caleja, Cristina, Barros, Lillian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9855643/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36671387
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13010001
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author Pinela, José
de la Fuente, Beatriz
Rodrigues, Matilde
Pires, Tânia C. S. P.
Mandim, Filipa
Almeida, André
Dias, Maria Inês
Caleja, Cristina
Barros, Lillian
author_facet Pinela, José
de la Fuente, Beatriz
Rodrigues, Matilde
Pires, Tânia C. S. P.
Mandim, Filipa
Almeida, André
Dias, Maria Inês
Caleja, Cristina
Barros, Lillian
author_sort Pinela, José
collection PubMed
description The seafood industry is often left out of the food waste discussion, but this sector is no exception, as it generates large amounts of various by-products. This study aimed to explore the potential of the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique to obtain high-quality oil from fish by-products. The independent variables, which were time (1–30 min), microwave power (50–1000 W), and solid/liquid ratio (70–120 g/L) were combined in a 20-run experimental design coupled with the response surface methodology (RSM) for process optimization. The obtained oil yield values were fitted to a quadratic equation to build the theoretical models, which were statistically validated based on statistical criteria and used to predict the optimal MAE condition. The oil yields were significantly affected by the three independent variables through linear, quadratic, and/or interactive effects. Compared to a conventional Soxhlet extraction (SE), the optimal MAE conditions allowed between 60 and 100% of oil to be recovered in less than 19 min and with less solvent consumption. The fatty acid profiles of the oils obtained through SE and optimized MAE were characterized by gas chromatography with flame ionizing detection (GC-FID) after a derivatization process. These oils were constituted mainly of health, beneficial unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic, docosahexaenoic (DHA), linoleic, and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids, which were not affected (p > 0.05) by the extraction methods. Interestingly, the oils obtained through MAE showed the best microbial growth inhibition results may have been due to thermolabile compounds, preserved via this unconventional non-thermal method. The oils also exhibited anti-inflammatory effects via nitric oxide production inhibition and cytotoxic potential especially, against breast and gastric adenocarcinoma cells. However, the threshold of toxicity should be further investigated. Overall, this work emerges as a future-oriented approach to upcycling fish by-products into high-quality oils that can be used in the formulation of pet food and other products.
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spelling pubmed-98556432023-01-21 Upcycling Fish By-Products into Bioactive Fish Oil: The Suitability of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Pinela, José de la Fuente, Beatriz Rodrigues, Matilde Pires, Tânia C. S. P. Mandim, Filipa Almeida, André Dias, Maria Inês Caleja, Cristina Barros, Lillian Biomolecules Article The seafood industry is often left out of the food waste discussion, but this sector is no exception, as it generates large amounts of various by-products. This study aimed to explore the potential of the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique to obtain high-quality oil from fish by-products. The independent variables, which were time (1–30 min), microwave power (50–1000 W), and solid/liquid ratio (70–120 g/L) were combined in a 20-run experimental design coupled with the response surface methodology (RSM) for process optimization. The obtained oil yield values were fitted to a quadratic equation to build the theoretical models, which were statistically validated based on statistical criteria and used to predict the optimal MAE condition. The oil yields were significantly affected by the three independent variables through linear, quadratic, and/or interactive effects. Compared to a conventional Soxhlet extraction (SE), the optimal MAE conditions allowed between 60 and 100% of oil to be recovered in less than 19 min and with less solvent consumption. The fatty acid profiles of the oils obtained through SE and optimized MAE were characterized by gas chromatography with flame ionizing detection (GC-FID) after a derivatization process. These oils were constituted mainly of health, beneficial unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic, docosahexaenoic (DHA), linoleic, and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids, which were not affected (p > 0.05) by the extraction methods. Interestingly, the oils obtained through MAE showed the best microbial growth inhibition results may have been due to thermolabile compounds, preserved via this unconventional non-thermal method. The oils also exhibited anti-inflammatory effects via nitric oxide production inhibition and cytotoxic potential especially, against breast and gastric adenocarcinoma cells. However, the threshold of toxicity should be further investigated. Overall, this work emerges as a future-oriented approach to upcycling fish by-products into high-quality oils that can be used in the formulation of pet food and other products. MDPI 2022-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9855643/ /pubmed/36671387 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13010001 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Pinela, José
de la Fuente, Beatriz
Rodrigues, Matilde
Pires, Tânia C. S. P.
Mandim, Filipa
Almeida, André
Dias, Maria Inês
Caleja, Cristina
Barros, Lillian
Upcycling Fish By-Products into Bioactive Fish Oil: The Suitability of Microwave-Assisted Extraction
title Upcycling Fish By-Products into Bioactive Fish Oil: The Suitability of Microwave-Assisted Extraction
title_full Upcycling Fish By-Products into Bioactive Fish Oil: The Suitability of Microwave-Assisted Extraction
title_fullStr Upcycling Fish By-Products into Bioactive Fish Oil: The Suitability of Microwave-Assisted Extraction
title_full_unstemmed Upcycling Fish By-Products into Bioactive Fish Oil: The Suitability of Microwave-Assisted Extraction
title_short Upcycling Fish By-Products into Bioactive Fish Oil: The Suitability of Microwave-Assisted Extraction
title_sort upcycling fish by-products into bioactive fish oil: the suitability of microwave-assisted extraction
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9855643/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36671387
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13010001
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