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Urinary Cotinine and Nicotine Dependence Levels in Regular Male Electronic Cigarette Users
OBJECTIVE: Found in plasma, urine, and saliva, cotinine can be used as a biomarker for nicotine in electronic cigarette (e-cig) users. Nicotine is addictive and causes dependence. Thus, it becomes a problem in smoking cessation programs. This study aimed to determine the relationship between urinary...
Autores principales: | Pamungkasningsih, Sri Wening, Taufik, Feni Fitriani, Samoedro, Erlang, Andarini, Sita, Susanto, Agus Dwi |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Eurasian Journal of Medicine
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9879225/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35110091 http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/eurasianjmed.2021.20009 |
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