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Intake of allergenic foods at 1.5 years and 3 years of age in a general child population in Japan: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate that the timing of introduction of potentially allergenic food is crucial for the development of food allergy in children. This cross-sectional study aimed to clarify the reality of allergen food intake in a general population of young children in Japan. METHODS:...

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Autores principales: Takase, Takafumi, Nagao, Mizuho, Kanai, Rei, Nishida, Takahiro, Arima, Tomoyuki, Iwai, Fumiko, Yamada, Shingo, Nakamoto, Makiko, Hirayama, Masahiro, Fujisawa, Takao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Japanese Society for Hygiene 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9884563/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36682814
http://dx.doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.22-00213
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author Takase, Takafumi
Nagao, Mizuho
Kanai, Rei
Nishida, Takahiro
Arima, Tomoyuki
Iwai, Fumiko
Yamada, Shingo
Nakamoto, Makiko
Hirayama, Masahiro
Fujisawa, Takao
author_facet Takase, Takafumi
Nagao, Mizuho
Kanai, Rei
Nishida, Takahiro
Arima, Tomoyuki
Iwai, Fumiko
Yamada, Shingo
Nakamoto, Makiko
Hirayama, Masahiro
Fujisawa, Takao
author_sort Takase, Takafumi
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate that the timing of introduction of potentially allergenic food is crucial for the development of food allergy in children. This cross-sectional study aimed to clarify the reality of allergen food intake in a general population of young children in Japan. METHODS: A questionnaire survey of caregivers was conducted at health checkups for 1.5-year (18-month)-old and 3-year-old children in the fall of 2020. The caregivers were asked about (1) the presence/absence of allergic disease symptoms based on the ISAAC questionnaire, and (2) foods that caregivers avoided giving their children. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were periformed to determine factors associated with food avoidance. RESULTS: Questionnaires were distributed to 1720 caregivers, and 1603 (93%) responded. The responders consisted of 771 and 832 caregivers who participated in 1.5-year-old and 3-year-old checkups, respectively. The prevalence of allergic diseases was comparable to recent epidemiological studies in Japan, indicating that the population may be representative. At 1.5 years old, more than 50% of the children were not exposed to peanuts, tree nuts, fish eggs, shellfish, and buckwheat. At 3 years old, the avoidance rates of the foods had decreased but were still between 18.8% and 32.0%. On the other hand, the avoidance rates of chicken egg and cow’s milk, the top 2 common allergenic foods in Japan, were much lower at 2.8% and 1.5% at 1.5 years, and they decreased to 1.4% and 0.7% at 3 years old, respectively. Ordinal logistic analysis showed that avoidance of chicken egg, cow’s milk, and wheat was associated with food allergy diagnosis and chicken egg avoidance with eczema, but avoidance of other foods showed no associations with any risk factors for food allergy. CONCLUSION: Caregivers avoided giving various foods, independent of allergy risk factors, to their young children. Since delayed introduction of an allergenic food has been reported to increase the risk of developing an allergy to the food, the results warrant future investigation of the development of food allergies in relation to current eating habits and recommendations. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.22-00213.
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spelling pubmed-98845632023-01-31 Intake of allergenic foods at 1.5 years and 3 years of age in a general child population in Japan: a cross-sectional study Takase, Takafumi Nagao, Mizuho Kanai, Rei Nishida, Takahiro Arima, Tomoyuki Iwai, Fumiko Yamada, Shingo Nakamoto, Makiko Hirayama, Masahiro Fujisawa, Takao Environ Health Prev Med Research Article BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate that the timing of introduction of potentially allergenic food is crucial for the development of food allergy in children. This cross-sectional study aimed to clarify the reality of allergen food intake in a general population of young children in Japan. METHODS: A questionnaire survey of caregivers was conducted at health checkups for 1.5-year (18-month)-old and 3-year-old children in the fall of 2020. The caregivers were asked about (1) the presence/absence of allergic disease symptoms based on the ISAAC questionnaire, and (2) foods that caregivers avoided giving their children. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were periformed to determine factors associated with food avoidance. RESULTS: Questionnaires were distributed to 1720 caregivers, and 1603 (93%) responded. The responders consisted of 771 and 832 caregivers who participated in 1.5-year-old and 3-year-old checkups, respectively. The prevalence of allergic diseases was comparable to recent epidemiological studies in Japan, indicating that the population may be representative. At 1.5 years old, more than 50% of the children were not exposed to peanuts, tree nuts, fish eggs, shellfish, and buckwheat. At 3 years old, the avoidance rates of the foods had decreased but were still between 18.8% and 32.0%. On the other hand, the avoidance rates of chicken egg and cow’s milk, the top 2 common allergenic foods in Japan, were much lower at 2.8% and 1.5% at 1.5 years, and they decreased to 1.4% and 0.7% at 3 years old, respectively. Ordinal logistic analysis showed that avoidance of chicken egg, cow’s milk, and wheat was associated with food allergy diagnosis and chicken egg avoidance with eczema, but avoidance of other foods showed no associations with any risk factors for food allergy. CONCLUSION: Caregivers avoided giving various foods, independent of allergy risk factors, to their young children. Since delayed introduction of an allergenic food has been reported to increase the risk of developing an allergy to the food, the results warrant future investigation of the development of food allergies in relation to current eating habits and recommendations. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.22-00213. Japanese Society for Hygiene 2023-01-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9884563/ /pubmed/36682814 http://dx.doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.22-00213 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Takase, Takafumi
Nagao, Mizuho
Kanai, Rei
Nishida, Takahiro
Arima, Tomoyuki
Iwai, Fumiko
Yamada, Shingo
Nakamoto, Makiko
Hirayama, Masahiro
Fujisawa, Takao
Intake of allergenic foods at 1.5 years and 3 years of age in a general child population in Japan: a cross-sectional study
title Intake of allergenic foods at 1.5 years and 3 years of age in a general child population in Japan: a cross-sectional study
title_full Intake of allergenic foods at 1.5 years and 3 years of age in a general child population in Japan: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Intake of allergenic foods at 1.5 years and 3 years of age in a general child population in Japan: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Intake of allergenic foods at 1.5 years and 3 years of age in a general child population in Japan: a cross-sectional study
title_short Intake of allergenic foods at 1.5 years and 3 years of age in a general child population in Japan: a cross-sectional study
title_sort intake of allergenic foods at 1.5 years and 3 years of age in a general child population in japan: a cross-sectional study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9884563/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36682814
http://dx.doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.22-00213
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