Fully Automated Characterization of Protein–Peptide Binding by Microfluidic 2D NMR

[Image: see text] We demonstrate an automated microfluidic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system that quantitatively characterizes protein–ligand interactions without user intervention and with minimal sample needs through protein-detected heteronuclear 2D NMR spectroscopy. Quantitation of protein–ligand interactions is of fundamental importance to the understanding of signaling and other life processes. As is well-known, NMR provides rich information both on the thermodynamics of binding and on the binding site. However, the required titrations are laborious and tend to require large amounts of sample, which are not always available. The present work shows how the analytical power of NMR detection can be brought in line with the trend of miniaturization and automation in life science workflows.