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Glycemic Responses of Milk and Plant-Based Drinks: Food Matrix Effects

The consumption of food items containing digestible carbohydrates in food products leads to postprandial increases in blood glucose levels and glycemic responses. The extent to which these occur depends on many factors, including concentration and type of carbohydrate, but also other physicochemical...

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Autores principales: Shkembi, Blerina, Huppertz, Thom
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9914410/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36765982
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030453
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author Shkembi, Blerina
Huppertz, Thom
author_facet Shkembi, Blerina
Huppertz, Thom
author_sort Shkembi, Blerina
collection PubMed
description The consumption of food items containing digestible carbohydrates in food products leads to postprandial increases in blood glucose levels and glycemic responses. The extent to which these occur depends on many factors, including concentration and type of carbohydrate, but also other physicochemical properties of the food matrix, which determine the rate of uptake of monosaccharides into the bloodstream, including product structure and factors affecting gastric emptying. For milk, control of postprandial glycemic responses appears to be multifaceted, including a controlled rate of gastric emptying, a rate of glucose and galactose uptake into the bloodstream controlled by enzymatic hydrolysis, as well as stimulated insulin secretion to enhance uptake of blood glucose from the bloodstream. Altogether, this allows milk to deliver comparatively high levels of carbohydrate with limited glycemic responses. For plant-based drinks positioned as milk alternatives, however, compositional differences (including carbohydrate type and concentration) as well as matrix factors limiting control over gastric emptying and insulin secretion can, in some cases, lead to much stronger glycemic responses, which are undesirable in relation to non-communicable diseases, such as type-2 diabetes. This review discusses glycemic responses to milk and plant-based drinks from this perspective, focusing on mechanistic insights and food matrix effects.
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spelling pubmed-99144102023-02-11 Glycemic Responses of Milk and Plant-Based Drinks: Food Matrix Effects Shkembi, Blerina Huppertz, Thom Foods Review The consumption of food items containing digestible carbohydrates in food products leads to postprandial increases in blood glucose levels and glycemic responses. The extent to which these occur depends on many factors, including concentration and type of carbohydrate, but also other physicochemical properties of the food matrix, which determine the rate of uptake of monosaccharides into the bloodstream, including product structure and factors affecting gastric emptying. For milk, control of postprandial glycemic responses appears to be multifaceted, including a controlled rate of gastric emptying, a rate of glucose and galactose uptake into the bloodstream controlled by enzymatic hydrolysis, as well as stimulated insulin secretion to enhance uptake of blood glucose from the bloodstream. Altogether, this allows milk to deliver comparatively high levels of carbohydrate with limited glycemic responses. For plant-based drinks positioned as milk alternatives, however, compositional differences (including carbohydrate type and concentration) as well as matrix factors limiting control over gastric emptying and insulin secretion can, in some cases, lead to much stronger glycemic responses, which are undesirable in relation to non-communicable diseases, such as type-2 diabetes. This review discusses glycemic responses to milk and plant-based drinks from this perspective, focusing on mechanistic insights and food matrix effects. MDPI 2023-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9914410/ /pubmed/36765982 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030453 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Shkembi, Blerina
Huppertz, Thom
Glycemic Responses of Milk and Plant-Based Drinks: Food Matrix Effects
title Glycemic Responses of Milk and Plant-Based Drinks: Food Matrix Effects
title_full Glycemic Responses of Milk and Plant-Based Drinks: Food Matrix Effects
title_fullStr Glycemic Responses of Milk and Plant-Based Drinks: Food Matrix Effects
title_full_unstemmed Glycemic Responses of Milk and Plant-Based Drinks: Food Matrix Effects
title_short Glycemic Responses of Milk and Plant-Based Drinks: Food Matrix Effects
title_sort glycemic responses of milk and plant-based drinks: food matrix effects
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9914410/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36765982
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030453
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