Cargando…
Chemical Profiles and Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes: An Umbrella Review and Methodological Considerations
Background: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are often marketed as a safer alternative to combustible tobacco products. The global EC market has rapidly expanded since their introduction, creating an urgent need for research describing the toxicity and chemical composition of ECs. We conducted an umbrell...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9914618/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36767274 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031908 |
_version_ | 1784885707890753536 |
---|---|
author | Travis, Nargiz Knoll, Marie Cook, Steven Oh, Hayoung Cadham, Christopher J. Sánchez-Romero, Luz María Levy, David T. |
author_facet | Travis, Nargiz Knoll, Marie Cook, Steven Oh, Hayoung Cadham, Christopher J. Sánchez-Romero, Luz María Levy, David T. |
author_sort | Travis, Nargiz |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are often marketed as a safer alternative to combustible tobacco products. The global EC market has rapidly expanded since their introduction, creating an urgent need for research describing the toxicity and chemical composition of ECs. We conducted an umbrella review to summarize the evidence from existing systematic reviews (SRs). Methods: The search for SRs was conducted across four electronic databases through 25 January 2022. Methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 quality appraisal tool. Results: Twenty-five SRs were included in our umbrella review. Chemical profiles widely varied across studies included in the reviews, which was mainly attributed to the lack of standardized protocols investigating the constituents, and differences in EC devices and e-liquids tested. Metals were more abundant in some EC aerosols than cigarettes, while carbonyls were typically found at lower levels. There was consistent evidence of in vitro toxicity from EC aerosol and e-liquid exposure. AMSTAR-2 revealed important limitations across reviews. Conclusions: While most reviews concluded that ECs were likely less harmful than cigarettes, there was hesitancy to draw clear conclusions due to variable analytical procedures and inconsistent findings among the included studies. Future SRs with improved methodology and reporting are needed to adequately inform tobacco regulatory actions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9914618 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99146182023-02-11 Chemical Profiles and Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes: An Umbrella Review and Methodological Considerations Travis, Nargiz Knoll, Marie Cook, Steven Oh, Hayoung Cadham, Christopher J. Sánchez-Romero, Luz María Levy, David T. Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Background: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are often marketed as a safer alternative to combustible tobacco products. The global EC market has rapidly expanded since their introduction, creating an urgent need for research describing the toxicity and chemical composition of ECs. We conducted an umbrella review to summarize the evidence from existing systematic reviews (SRs). Methods: The search for SRs was conducted across four electronic databases through 25 January 2022. Methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 quality appraisal tool. Results: Twenty-five SRs were included in our umbrella review. Chemical profiles widely varied across studies included in the reviews, which was mainly attributed to the lack of standardized protocols investigating the constituents, and differences in EC devices and e-liquids tested. Metals were more abundant in some EC aerosols than cigarettes, while carbonyls were typically found at lower levels. There was consistent evidence of in vitro toxicity from EC aerosol and e-liquid exposure. AMSTAR-2 revealed important limitations across reviews. Conclusions: While most reviews concluded that ECs were likely less harmful than cigarettes, there was hesitancy to draw clear conclusions due to variable analytical procedures and inconsistent findings among the included studies. Future SRs with improved methodology and reporting are needed to adequately inform tobacco regulatory actions. MDPI 2023-01-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9914618/ /pubmed/36767274 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031908 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Travis, Nargiz Knoll, Marie Cook, Steven Oh, Hayoung Cadham, Christopher J. Sánchez-Romero, Luz María Levy, David T. Chemical Profiles and Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes: An Umbrella Review and Methodological Considerations |
title | Chemical Profiles and Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes: An Umbrella Review and Methodological Considerations |
title_full | Chemical Profiles and Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes: An Umbrella Review and Methodological Considerations |
title_fullStr | Chemical Profiles and Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes: An Umbrella Review and Methodological Considerations |
title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Profiles and Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes: An Umbrella Review and Methodological Considerations |
title_short | Chemical Profiles and Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes: An Umbrella Review and Methodological Considerations |
title_sort | chemical profiles and toxicity of electronic cigarettes: an umbrella review and methodological considerations |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9914618/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36767274 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031908 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT travisnargiz chemicalprofilesandtoxicityofelectroniccigarettesanumbrellareviewandmethodologicalconsiderations AT knollmarie chemicalprofilesandtoxicityofelectroniccigarettesanumbrellareviewandmethodologicalconsiderations AT cooksteven chemicalprofilesandtoxicityofelectroniccigarettesanumbrellareviewandmethodologicalconsiderations AT ohhayoung chemicalprofilesandtoxicityofelectroniccigarettesanumbrellareviewandmethodologicalconsiderations AT cadhamchristopherj chemicalprofilesandtoxicityofelectroniccigarettesanumbrellareviewandmethodologicalconsiderations AT sanchezromeroluzmaria chemicalprofilesandtoxicityofelectroniccigarettesanumbrellareviewandmethodologicalconsiderations AT levydavidt chemicalprofilesandtoxicityofelectroniccigarettesanumbrellareviewandmethodologicalconsiderations |