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Effect of Maturity Stage on Cereal and Leguminous Seeds’ Metabolome as Analyzed Using Gas Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Chemometric Tools

Cereal and leguminous seeds are considered as major generic dietary source of energy, carbohydrates as well as proteins in the Mediterranean diet and are frequently consumed in their immature form in several regions including the Middle East. Hence, the current study aimed to assess metabolites’ het...

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Autores principales: Saied, Doaa B., Ramadan, Nehal S., El-Sayed, Magdy M., Farag, Mohamed A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9960208/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36837782
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020163
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author Saied, Doaa B.
Ramadan, Nehal S.
El-Sayed, Magdy M.
Farag, Mohamed A.
author_facet Saied, Doaa B.
Ramadan, Nehal S.
El-Sayed, Magdy M.
Farag, Mohamed A.
author_sort Saied, Doaa B.
collection PubMed
description Cereal and leguminous seeds are considered as major generic dietary source of energy, carbohydrates as well as proteins in the Mediterranean diet and are frequently consumed in their immature form in several regions including the Middle East. Hence, the current study aimed to assess metabolites’ heterogeneity amongst five major cereal and leguminous seeds of different species, and cultivars, i.e., Triticum aestivum L. (two cultivars), Hordeum vulgare L., Vicia faba L. and Cicer arietinum L., at different maturity stages. Gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis using multivariate data analyses was employed for nutrient profiling and sample segregation assessed using chemometric tools, respectively. A total of 70 peaks belonging to sugars, fatty acids/esters, steroids, amino acids and organic acids were identified including sucrose, melibiose, glucose and fructose as major sugars, with butyl caprylate, hydroxybutanoic acid and malic acid contributing to the discrimination between seed species at different maturity stages. The investigation of total protein content revealed comparable protein levels amongst all examined seeds with the highest level detected at 20.1% w/w in mature fava bean. Results of this study provide a novel insight on cereal and leguminous seeds’ metabolomics in the context of their maturity stages for the first time in literature.
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spelling pubmed-99602082023-02-26 Effect of Maturity Stage on Cereal and Leguminous Seeds’ Metabolome as Analyzed Using Gas Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Chemometric Tools Saied, Doaa B. Ramadan, Nehal S. El-Sayed, Magdy M. Farag, Mohamed A. Metabolites Article Cereal and leguminous seeds are considered as major generic dietary source of energy, carbohydrates as well as proteins in the Mediterranean diet and are frequently consumed in their immature form in several regions including the Middle East. Hence, the current study aimed to assess metabolites’ heterogeneity amongst five major cereal and leguminous seeds of different species, and cultivars, i.e., Triticum aestivum L. (two cultivars), Hordeum vulgare L., Vicia faba L. and Cicer arietinum L., at different maturity stages. Gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis using multivariate data analyses was employed for nutrient profiling and sample segregation assessed using chemometric tools, respectively. A total of 70 peaks belonging to sugars, fatty acids/esters, steroids, amino acids and organic acids were identified including sucrose, melibiose, glucose and fructose as major sugars, with butyl caprylate, hydroxybutanoic acid and malic acid contributing to the discrimination between seed species at different maturity stages. The investigation of total protein content revealed comparable protein levels amongst all examined seeds with the highest level detected at 20.1% w/w in mature fava bean. Results of this study provide a novel insight on cereal and leguminous seeds’ metabolomics in the context of their maturity stages for the first time in literature. MDPI 2023-01-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9960208/ /pubmed/36837782 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020163 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Saied, Doaa B.
Ramadan, Nehal S.
El-Sayed, Magdy M.
Farag, Mohamed A.
Effect of Maturity Stage on Cereal and Leguminous Seeds’ Metabolome as Analyzed Using Gas Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Chemometric Tools
title Effect of Maturity Stage on Cereal and Leguminous Seeds’ Metabolome as Analyzed Using Gas Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Chemometric Tools
title_full Effect of Maturity Stage on Cereal and Leguminous Seeds’ Metabolome as Analyzed Using Gas Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Chemometric Tools
title_fullStr Effect of Maturity Stage on Cereal and Leguminous Seeds’ Metabolome as Analyzed Using Gas Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Chemometric Tools
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Maturity Stage on Cereal and Leguminous Seeds’ Metabolome as Analyzed Using Gas Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Chemometric Tools
title_short Effect of Maturity Stage on Cereal and Leguminous Seeds’ Metabolome as Analyzed Using Gas Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Chemometric Tools
title_sort effect of maturity stage on cereal and leguminous seeds’ metabolome as analyzed using gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (gc-ms) and chemometric tools
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9960208/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36837782
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020163
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