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Structural and Immunoreactivity Properties of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein upon the Development of an Inactivated Vaccine
Inactivated vaccines are promising tools for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. We applied several protocols for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation (by β-propiolactone, formaldehyde, and UV radiation) and examined the morphology of viral spikes, protein composition of the preparations, and their immunoreactivity...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9961907/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851694 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020480 |
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author | Kordyukova, Larisa V. Moiseenko, Andrey V. Serebryakova, Marina V. Shuklina, Marina A. Sergeeva, Maria V. Lioznov, Dmitry A. Shanko, Andrei V. |
author_facet | Kordyukova, Larisa V. Moiseenko, Andrey V. Serebryakova, Marina V. Shuklina, Marina A. Sergeeva, Maria V. Lioznov, Dmitry A. Shanko, Andrei V. |
author_sort | Kordyukova, Larisa V. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Inactivated vaccines are promising tools for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. We applied several protocols for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation (by β-propiolactone, formaldehyde, and UV radiation) and examined the morphology of viral spikes, protein composition of the preparations, and their immunoreactivity in ELISA using two panels of sera collected from convalescents and people vaccinated by Sputnik V. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allowed us to distinguish wider flail-like spikes (supposedly the S-protein’s pre-fusion conformation) from narrower needle-like ones (the post-fusion state). While the flails were present in all preparations studied, the needles were highly abundant in the β-propiolactone-inactivated samples only. Structural proteins S, N, and M of SARS-CoV-2 were detected via mass spectrometry. Formaldehyde and UV-inactivated samples demonstrated the highest affinity/immunoreactivity against the convalescent sera, while β-propiolactone (1:2000, 36 h) and UV-inactivated ones were more active against the sera of people vaccinated with Sputnik V. A higher concentration of β-propiolactone (1:1000, 2 h) led to a loss of antigenic affinity for both serum panels. Thus, although we did not analyze native SARS-CoV-2 for biosafety reasons, our comparative approach helped to exclude some destructive inactivation conditions and select suitable variants for future animal research. We believe that TEM is a valuable tool for inactivated COVID-19 vaccine quality control during the downstream manufacturing process. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9961907 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99619072023-02-26 Structural and Immunoreactivity Properties of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein upon the Development of an Inactivated Vaccine Kordyukova, Larisa V. Moiseenko, Andrey V. Serebryakova, Marina V. Shuklina, Marina A. Sergeeva, Maria V. Lioznov, Dmitry A. Shanko, Andrei V. Viruses Article Inactivated vaccines are promising tools for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. We applied several protocols for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation (by β-propiolactone, formaldehyde, and UV radiation) and examined the morphology of viral spikes, protein composition of the preparations, and their immunoreactivity in ELISA using two panels of sera collected from convalescents and people vaccinated by Sputnik V. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allowed us to distinguish wider flail-like spikes (supposedly the S-protein’s pre-fusion conformation) from narrower needle-like ones (the post-fusion state). While the flails were present in all preparations studied, the needles were highly abundant in the β-propiolactone-inactivated samples only. Structural proteins S, N, and M of SARS-CoV-2 were detected via mass spectrometry. Formaldehyde and UV-inactivated samples demonstrated the highest affinity/immunoreactivity against the convalescent sera, while β-propiolactone (1:2000, 36 h) and UV-inactivated ones were more active against the sera of people vaccinated with Sputnik V. A higher concentration of β-propiolactone (1:1000, 2 h) led to a loss of antigenic affinity for both serum panels. Thus, although we did not analyze native SARS-CoV-2 for biosafety reasons, our comparative approach helped to exclude some destructive inactivation conditions and select suitable variants for future animal research. We believe that TEM is a valuable tool for inactivated COVID-19 vaccine quality control during the downstream manufacturing process. MDPI 2023-02-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9961907/ /pubmed/36851694 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020480 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kordyukova, Larisa V. Moiseenko, Andrey V. Serebryakova, Marina V. Shuklina, Marina A. Sergeeva, Maria V. Lioznov, Dmitry A. Shanko, Andrei V. Structural and Immunoreactivity Properties of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein upon the Development of an Inactivated Vaccine |
title | Structural and Immunoreactivity Properties of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein upon the Development of an Inactivated Vaccine |
title_full | Structural and Immunoreactivity Properties of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein upon the Development of an Inactivated Vaccine |
title_fullStr | Structural and Immunoreactivity Properties of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein upon the Development of an Inactivated Vaccine |
title_full_unstemmed | Structural and Immunoreactivity Properties of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein upon the Development of an Inactivated Vaccine |
title_short | Structural and Immunoreactivity Properties of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein upon the Development of an Inactivated Vaccine |
title_sort | structural and immunoreactivity properties of the sars-cov-2 spike protein upon the development of an inactivated vaccine |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9961907/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851694 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020480 |
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