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Evaluation of Electric Muscle Stimulation Method for Haptic Augmented Reality †

Currently, visual Augmented Reality (AR) technology is widespread among the public. Similarly, haptic AR technology is also widely practiced in the academic field. However, conventional haptic AR devices are not suitable for interacting with real objects. These devices are often held by the users, a...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ishimaru, Takaya, Saga, Satoshi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9965341/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36850394
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041796
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author Ishimaru, Takaya
Saga, Satoshi
author_facet Ishimaru, Takaya
Saga, Satoshi
author_sort Ishimaru, Takaya
collection PubMed
description Currently, visual Augmented Reality (AR) technology is widespread among the public. Similarly, haptic AR technology is also widely practiced in the academic field. However, conventional haptic AR devices are not suitable for interacting with real objects. These devices are often held by the users, and they contact the real object via the devices. Thus, they prevent direct contact between the user and real objects. To solve this problem, we proposed employing Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) technology. EMS technology does not interfere with the interaction between the user and the real object, and the user can wear the device. First, we examined proper stimulus waveforms for EMS, in addition to pulse waveforms. At the same time, we examined the appropriate frequency and pulse width. The waveforms that we used this time were a sawtooth wave, a reverse sawtooth wave, and a sine wave. Second, to clarify the characteristic of the force presented by the EMS, we measured the relationship between the input voltage and the force presented and obtained the point of subjective equality using the constant method. Subsequently, we presented the bump sensation using EMS to the participants and verified its effectiveness by comparing it with the existing methods.
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spelling pubmed-99653412023-02-26 Evaluation of Electric Muscle Stimulation Method for Haptic Augmented Reality † Ishimaru, Takaya Saga, Satoshi Sensors (Basel) Article Currently, visual Augmented Reality (AR) technology is widespread among the public. Similarly, haptic AR technology is also widely practiced in the academic field. However, conventional haptic AR devices are not suitable for interacting with real objects. These devices are often held by the users, and they contact the real object via the devices. Thus, they prevent direct contact between the user and real objects. To solve this problem, we proposed employing Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) technology. EMS technology does not interfere with the interaction between the user and the real object, and the user can wear the device. First, we examined proper stimulus waveforms for EMS, in addition to pulse waveforms. At the same time, we examined the appropriate frequency and pulse width. The waveforms that we used this time were a sawtooth wave, a reverse sawtooth wave, and a sine wave. Second, to clarify the characteristic of the force presented by the EMS, we measured the relationship between the input voltage and the force presented and obtained the point of subjective equality using the constant method. Subsequently, we presented the bump sensation using EMS to the participants and verified its effectiveness by comparing it with the existing methods. MDPI 2023-02-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9965341/ /pubmed/36850394 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041796 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ishimaru, Takaya
Saga, Satoshi
Evaluation of Electric Muscle Stimulation Method for Haptic Augmented Reality †
title Evaluation of Electric Muscle Stimulation Method for Haptic Augmented Reality †
title_full Evaluation of Electric Muscle Stimulation Method for Haptic Augmented Reality †
title_fullStr Evaluation of Electric Muscle Stimulation Method for Haptic Augmented Reality †
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Electric Muscle Stimulation Method for Haptic Augmented Reality †
title_short Evaluation of Electric Muscle Stimulation Method for Haptic Augmented Reality †
title_sort evaluation of electric muscle stimulation method for haptic augmented reality †
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9965341/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36850394
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041796
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