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Evaluation of Electric Muscle Stimulation Method for Haptic Augmented Reality †
Currently, visual Augmented Reality (AR) technology is widespread among the public. Similarly, haptic AR technology is also widely practiced in the academic field. However, conventional haptic AR devices are not suitable for interacting with real objects. These devices are often held by the users, a...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9965341/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36850394 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041796 |
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author | Ishimaru, Takaya Saga, Satoshi |
author_facet | Ishimaru, Takaya Saga, Satoshi |
author_sort | Ishimaru, Takaya |
collection | PubMed |
description | Currently, visual Augmented Reality (AR) technology is widespread among the public. Similarly, haptic AR technology is also widely practiced in the academic field. However, conventional haptic AR devices are not suitable for interacting with real objects. These devices are often held by the users, and they contact the real object via the devices. Thus, they prevent direct contact between the user and real objects. To solve this problem, we proposed employing Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) technology. EMS technology does not interfere with the interaction between the user and the real object, and the user can wear the device. First, we examined proper stimulus waveforms for EMS, in addition to pulse waveforms. At the same time, we examined the appropriate frequency and pulse width. The waveforms that we used this time were a sawtooth wave, a reverse sawtooth wave, and a sine wave. Second, to clarify the characteristic of the force presented by the EMS, we measured the relationship between the input voltage and the force presented and obtained the point of subjective equality using the constant method. Subsequently, we presented the bump sensation using EMS to the participants and verified its effectiveness by comparing it with the existing methods. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9965341 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99653412023-02-26 Evaluation of Electric Muscle Stimulation Method for Haptic Augmented Reality † Ishimaru, Takaya Saga, Satoshi Sensors (Basel) Article Currently, visual Augmented Reality (AR) technology is widespread among the public. Similarly, haptic AR technology is also widely practiced in the academic field. However, conventional haptic AR devices are not suitable for interacting with real objects. These devices are often held by the users, and they contact the real object via the devices. Thus, they prevent direct contact between the user and real objects. To solve this problem, we proposed employing Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) technology. EMS technology does not interfere with the interaction between the user and the real object, and the user can wear the device. First, we examined proper stimulus waveforms for EMS, in addition to pulse waveforms. At the same time, we examined the appropriate frequency and pulse width. The waveforms that we used this time were a sawtooth wave, a reverse sawtooth wave, and a sine wave. Second, to clarify the characteristic of the force presented by the EMS, we measured the relationship between the input voltage and the force presented and obtained the point of subjective equality using the constant method. Subsequently, we presented the bump sensation using EMS to the participants and verified its effectiveness by comparing it with the existing methods. MDPI 2023-02-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9965341/ /pubmed/36850394 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041796 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ishimaru, Takaya Saga, Satoshi Evaluation of Electric Muscle Stimulation Method for Haptic Augmented Reality † |
title | Evaluation of Electric Muscle Stimulation Method for Haptic Augmented Reality † |
title_full | Evaluation of Electric Muscle Stimulation Method for Haptic Augmented Reality † |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of Electric Muscle Stimulation Method for Haptic Augmented Reality † |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Electric Muscle Stimulation Method for Haptic Augmented Reality † |
title_short | Evaluation of Electric Muscle Stimulation Method for Haptic Augmented Reality † |
title_sort | evaluation of electric muscle stimulation method for haptic augmented reality † |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9965341/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36850394 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041796 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT ishimarutakaya evaluationofelectricmusclestimulationmethodforhapticaugmentedreality AT sagasatoshi evaluationofelectricmusclestimulationmethodforhapticaugmentedreality |