Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Functional Connectivity Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data: A Comparative Study

Generative models, such as Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), are increasingly employed for atypical pattern detection in brain imaging. During training, these models learn to capture the underlying patterns within “normal” brain images and generate new samples from those patterns. Neurodivergent stat...

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Autores principales: Sidulova, Mariia, Park, Chung Hyuk
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10604768/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37892939
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10101209
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author Sidulova, Mariia
Park, Chung Hyuk
author_facet Sidulova, Mariia
Park, Chung Hyuk
author_sort Sidulova, Mariia
collection PubMed
description Generative models, such as Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), are increasingly employed for atypical pattern detection in brain imaging. During training, these models learn to capture the underlying patterns within “normal” brain images and generate new samples from those patterns. Neurodivergent states can be observed by measuring the dissimilarity between the generated/reconstructed images and the input images. This paper leverages VAEs to conduct Functional Connectivity (FC) analysis from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scans of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), aiming to uncover atypical interconnectivity between brain regions. In the first part of our study, we compare multiple VAE architectures—Conditional VAE, Recurrent VAE, and a hybrid of CNN parallel with RNN VAE—aiming to establish the effectiveness of VAEs in application FC analysis. Given the nature of the disorder, ASD exhibits a higher prevalence among males than females. Therefore, in the second part of this paper, we investigate if introducing phenotypic data could improve the performance of VAEs and, consequently, FC analysis. We compare our results with the findings from previous studies in the literature. The results showed that CNN-based VAE architecture is more effective for this application than the other models.
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spelling pubmed-106047682023-10-28 Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Functional Connectivity Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data: A Comparative Study Sidulova, Mariia Park, Chung Hyuk Bioengineering (Basel) Article Generative models, such as Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), are increasingly employed for atypical pattern detection in brain imaging. During training, these models learn to capture the underlying patterns within “normal” brain images and generate new samples from those patterns. Neurodivergent states can be observed by measuring the dissimilarity between the generated/reconstructed images and the input images. This paper leverages VAEs to conduct Functional Connectivity (FC) analysis from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scans of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), aiming to uncover atypical interconnectivity between brain regions. In the first part of our study, we compare multiple VAE architectures—Conditional VAE, Recurrent VAE, and a hybrid of CNN parallel with RNN VAE—aiming to establish the effectiveness of VAEs in application FC analysis. Given the nature of the disorder, ASD exhibits a higher prevalence among males than females. Therefore, in the second part of this paper, we investigate if introducing phenotypic data could improve the performance of VAEs and, consequently, FC analysis. We compare our results with the findings from previous studies in the literature. The results showed that CNN-based VAE architecture is more effective for this application than the other models. MDPI 2023-10-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10604768/ /pubmed/37892939 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10101209 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sidulova, Mariia
Park, Chung Hyuk
Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Functional Connectivity Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data: A Comparative Study
title Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Functional Connectivity Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data: A Comparative Study
title_full Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Functional Connectivity Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data: A Comparative Study
title_fullStr Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Functional Connectivity Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data: A Comparative Study
title_full_unstemmed Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Functional Connectivity Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data: A Comparative Study
title_short Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Functional Connectivity Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data: A Comparative Study
title_sort conditional variational autoencoder for functional connectivity analysis of autism spectrum disorder functional magnetic resonance imaging data: a comparative study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10604768/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37892939
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10101209
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