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The Effects of C-peptide on Type 1 Diabetic Polyneuropathies and Encephalopathy in the BB/Wor-rat
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) occurs more frequently in type 1 diabetes resulting in a more severe DPN. The differences in DPN between the two types of diabetes are due to differences in the availability of insulin and C-peptide. Insulin and C-peptide provide gene regulatory effects on neurotrophic...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2008
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2323445/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18437223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/230458 |
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author | Sima, Anders A. F. Zhang, Weixian Li, Zhen-guo Kamiya, Hideki |
author_facet | Sima, Anders A. F. Zhang, Weixian Li, Zhen-guo Kamiya, Hideki |
author_sort | Sima, Anders A. F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) occurs more frequently in type 1 diabetes resulting in a more severe DPN. The differences in DPN between the two types of diabetes are due to differences in the availability of insulin and C-peptide. Insulin and C-peptide provide gene regulatory effects on neurotrophic factors with effects on axonal cytoskeletal proteins and nerve fiber integrity. A significant abnormality in type 1 DPN is nodal degeneration. In the type 1 BB/Wor-rat, C-peptide replacement corrects metabolic abnormalities ameliorating the acute nerve conduction defect. It corrects abnormalities of neurotrophic factors and the expression of neuroskeletal proteins with improvements of axonal size and function. C-peptide corrects the expression of nodal adhesive molecules with prevention and repair of the functionally significant nodal degeneration. Cognitive dysfunction is a recognized complication of type 1 diabetes, and is associated with impaired neurotrophic support and apoptotic neuronal loss. C-peptide prevents hippocampal apoptosis and cognitive deficits. It is therefore clear that substitution of C-peptide in type 1 diabetes has a multitude of effects on DPN and cognitive dysfunction. Here the effects of C-peptide replenishment will be extensively described as they pertain to DPN and diabetic encephalopathy, underpinning its beneficial effects on neurological complications in type 1 diabetes. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2323445 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2008 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-23234452008-04-24 The Effects of C-peptide on Type 1 Diabetic Polyneuropathies and Encephalopathy in the BB/Wor-rat Sima, Anders A. F. Zhang, Weixian Li, Zhen-guo Kamiya, Hideki Exp Diabetes Res Review Article Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) occurs more frequently in type 1 diabetes resulting in a more severe DPN. The differences in DPN between the two types of diabetes are due to differences in the availability of insulin and C-peptide. Insulin and C-peptide provide gene regulatory effects on neurotrophic factors with effects on axonal cytoskeletal proteins and nerve fiber integrity. A significant abnormality in type 1 DPN is nodal degeneration. In the type 1 BB/Wor-rat, C-peptide replacement corrects metabolic abnormalities ameliorating the acute nerve conduction defect. It corrects abnormalities of neurotrophic factors and the expression of neuroskeletal proteins with improvements of axonal size and function. C-peptide corrects the expression of nodal adhesive molecules with prevention and repair of the functionally significant nodal degeneration. Cognitive dysfunction is a recognized complication of type 1 diabetes, and is associated with impaired neurotrophic support and apoptotic neuronal loss. C-peptide prevents hippocampal apoptosis and cognitive deficits. It is therefore clear that substitution of C-peptide in type 1 diabetes has a multitude of effects on DPN and cognitive dysfunction. Here the effects of C-peptide replenishment will be extensively described as they pertain to DPN and diabetic encephalopathy, underpinning its beneficial effects on neurological complications in type 1 diabetes. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2008 2008-04-16 /pmc/articles/PMC2323445/ /pubmed/18437223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/230458 Text en Copyright © 2008 Anders A. F. Sima et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Sima, Anders A. F. Zhang, Weixian Li, Zhen-guo Kamiya, Hideki The Effects of C-peptide on Type 1 Diabetic Polyneuropathies and Encephalopathy in the BB/Wor-rat |
title | The Effects of C-peptide on Type 1 Diabetic Polyneuropathies and Encephalopathy
in the BB/Wor-rat |
title_full | The Effects of C-peptide on Type 1 Diabetic Polyneuropathies and Encephalopathy
in the BB/Wor-rat |
title_fullStr | The Effects of C-peptide on Type 1 Diabetic Polyneuropathies and Encephalopathy
in the BB/Wor-rat |
title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of C-peptide on Type 1 Diabetic Polyneuropathies and Encephalopathy
in the BB/Wor-rat |
title_short | The Effects of C-peptide on Type 1 Diabetic Polyneuropathies and Encephalopathy
in the BB/Wor-rat |
title_sort | effects of c-peptide on type 1 diabetic polyneuropathies and encephalopathy
in the bb/wor-rat |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2323445/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18437223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/230458 |
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