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Ly6c(+) “inflammatory monocytes” are microglial precursors recruited in a pathogenic manner in West Nile virus encephalitis
In a lethal West Nile virus (WNV) model, central nervous system infection triggered a threefold increase in CD45(int)/CD11b(+)/CD11c(−) microglia at days 6–7 postinfection (p.i.). Few microglia were proliferating, suggesting that the increased numbers were derived from a migratory precursor cell. De...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Rockefeller University Press
2008
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2556789/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18779347 http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20080421 |
Sumario: | In a lethal West Nile virus (WNV) model, central nervous system infection triggered a threefold increase in CD45(int)/CD11b(+)/CD11c(−) microglia at days 6–7 postinfection (p.i.). Few microglia were proliferating, suggesting that the increased numbers were derived from a migratory precursor cell. Depletion of “circulating” (Gr1(−)(Ly6C(lo))CX3CR1(+)) and “inflammatory” (Gr1(hi)/Ly6C(hi)/CCR2(+)) classical monocytes during infection abrogated the increase in microglia. C57BL/6 chimeras reconstituted with cFMS–enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) bone marrow (BM) showed large numbers of peripherally derived (GFP(+)) microglia expressing GR1(+)(Ly6C(+)) at day 7 p.i., suggesting that the inflammatory monocyte is a microglial precursor. This was confirmed by adoptive transfer of labeled BM (Ly6C(hi)/CD115(+)) or circulating inflammatory monocytes that trafficked to the WNV-infected brain and expressed a microglial phenotype. CCL2 is a chemokine that is highly expressed during WNV infection and important in inflammatory monocyte trafficking. Neutralization of CCL2 not only reduced the number of GFP(+) microglia in the brain during WNV infection but prolonged the life of infected animals. Therefore, CCL2-dependent inflammatory monocyte migration is critical for increases in microglia during WNV infection and may also play a pathogenic role during WNV encephalitis. |
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