Neuronal Entropy Depends on the Level of Alertness in the Parkinsonian Globus Pallidus in vivo
A new working hypothesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) proposes to focus on the central role of entropy increase in the basal ganglia (BG) in movement disorders. The conditions necessary for entropy increase in vivo are, however, still not fully described. We recorded the activity of single globus pal...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2014
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4069479/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25009529 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2014.00096 |
_version_ | 1782322558074355712 |
---|---|
author | Andres, Daniela Sabrina Cerquetti, Daniel Merello, Marcelo Stoop, Ruedi |
author_facet | Andres, Daniela Sabrina Cerquetti, Daniel Merello, Marcelo Stoop, Ruedi |
author_sort | Andres, Daniela Sabrina |
collection | PubMed |
description | A new working hypothesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) proposes to focus on the central role of entropy increase in the basal ganglia (BG) in movement disorders. The conditions necessary for entropy increase in vivo are, however, still not fully described. We recorded the activity of single globus pallidus pars interna neurons during the transition from deep anesthesia to full alertness in relaxed, head-restrained, control, and parkinsonian (6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned group-lesioned) rats. We found that during awakening from anesthesia, the variation of neuronal entropy was significantly higher in the parkinsonian than in the control group. This implies in our view that in PD the entropy of the output neurons of the BG varies dynamically with the input to the network, which is determined by the level of alertness. Therefore, entropy needs to be interpreted as a dynamic, emergent property that characterizes the global state of the BG neuronal network, rather than a static property of parkinsonian neurons themselves. Within the framework of the “entropy hypothesis,” this implies the presence of a pathological feedback loop in the parkinsonian BG, where increasing the network input results in a further increase of neuronal entropy and a worsening of akinesia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4069479 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40694792014-07-09 Neuronal Entropy Depends on the Level of Alertness in the Parkinsonian Globus Pallidus in vivo Andres, Daniela Sabrina Cerquetti, Daniel Merello, Marcelo Stoop, Ruedi Front Neurol Neuroscience A new working hypothesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) proposes to focus on the central role of entropy increase in the basal ganglia (BG) in movement disorders. The conditions necessary for entropy increase in vivo are, however, still not fully described. We recorded the activity of single globus pallidus pars interna neurons during the transition from deep anesthesia to full alertness in relaxed, head-restrained, control, and parkinsonian (6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned group-lesioned) rats. We found that during awakening from anesthesia, the variation of neuronal entropy was significantly higher in the parkinsonian than in the control group. This implies in our view that in PD the entropy of the output neurons of the BG varies dynamically with the input to the network, which is determined by the level of alertness. Therefore, entropy needs to be interpreted as a dynamic, emergent property that characterizes the global state of the BG neuronal network, rather than a static property of parkinsonian neurons themselves. Within the framework of the “entropy hypothesis,” this implies the presence of a pathological feedback loop in the parkinsonian BG, where increasing the network input results in a further increase of neuronal entropy and a worsening of akinesia. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-06-25 /pmc/articles/PMC4069479/ /pubmed/25009529 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2014.00096 Text en Copyright © 2014 Andres, Cerquetti, Merello and Stoop. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Andres, Daniela Sabrina Cerquetti, Daniel Merello, Marcelo Stoop, Ruedi Neuronal Entropy Depends on the Level of Alertness in the Parkinsonian Globus Pallidus in vivo |
title | Neuronal Entropy Depends on the Level of Alertness in the Parkinsonian Globus Pallidus in vivo |
title_full | Neuronal Entropy Depends on the Level of Alertness in the Parkinsonian Globus Pallidus in vivo |
title_fullStr | Neuronal Entropy Depends on the Level of Alertness in the Parkinsonian Globus Pallidus in vivo |
title_full_unstemmed | Neuronal Entropy Depends on the Level of Alertness in the Parkinsonian Globus Pallidus in vivo |
title_short | Neuronal Entropy Depends on the Level of Alertness in the Parkinsonian Globus Pallidus in vivo |
title_sort | neuronal entropy depends on the level of alertness in the parkinsonian globus pallidus in vivo |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4069479/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25009529 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2014.00096 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT andresdanielasabrina neuronalentropydependsonthelevelofalertnessintheparkinsonianglobuspallidusinvivo AT cerquettidaniel neuronalentropydependsonthelevelofalertnessintheparkinsonianglobuspallidusinvivo AT merellomarcelo neuronalentropydependsonthelevelofalertnessintheparkinsonianglobuspallidusinvivo AT stoopruedi neuronalentropydependsonthelevelofalertnessintheparkinsonianglobuspallidusinvivo |