Potential Mechanisms for IgG4 Inhibition of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions
IgG4 is the least abundant IgG subclass in human serum, representing less than 5 % of all IgG. Increases in IgG4 occur following chronic exposure to antigen and are generally associated with states of immune tolerance. In line with this, IgG4 is regarded as an anti-inflammatory antibody with a limit...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer US
2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4759210/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26892721 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-016-0600-2 |
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author | James, Louisa K. Till, Stephen J. |
author_facet | James, Louisa K. Till, Stephen J. |
author_sort | James, Louisa K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | IgG4 is the least abundant IgG subclass in human serum, representing less than 5 % of all IgG. Increases in IgG4 occur following chronic exposure to antigen and are generally associated with states of immune tolerance. In line with this, IgG4 is regarded as an anti-inflammatory antibody with a limited ability to elicit effective immune responses. Furthermore, IgG4 attenuates allergic responses by inhibiting the activity of IgE. The mechanism by which IgG4 inhibits IgE-mediated hypersensitivity has been investigated using a variety of model systems leading to two proposed mechanisms. First by sequestering antigen, IgG4 can function as a blocking antibody, preventing cross-linking of receptor bound IgE. Second IgG4 has been proposed to co-stimulate the inhibitory IgG receptor FcγRIIb, which can negatively regulate FcεRI signaling and in turn inhibit effector cell activation. Recent advances in our understanding of the structural features of human IgG4 have shed light on the unique functional and immunologic properties of IgG4. The aim of this review is to evaluate our current understanding of IgG4 biology and reassess the mechanisms by which IgG4 functions to inhibit IgE-mediated allergic responses. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4759210 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47592102016-02-29 Potential Mechanisms for IgG4 Inhibition of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions James, Louisa K. Till, Stephen J. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep Immune Deficiency and Dysregulation (DP Huston and C Kuo, Section Editors) IgG4 is the least abundant IgG subclass in human serum, representing less than 5 % of all IgG. Increases in IgG4 occur following chronic exposure to antigen and are generally associated with states of immune tolerance. In line with this, IgG4 is regarded as an anti-inflammatory antibody with a limited ability to elicit effective immune responses. Furthermore, IgG4 attenuates allergic responses by inhibiting the activity of IgE. The mechanism by which IgG4 inhibits IgE-mediated hypersensitivity has been investigated using a variety of model systems leading to two proposed mechanisms. First by sequestering antigen, IgG4 can function as a blocking antibody, preventing cross-linking of receptor bound IgE. Second IgG4 has been proposed to co-stimulate the inhibitory IgG receptor FcγRIIb, which can negatively regulate FcεRI signaling and in turn inhibit effector cell activation. Recent advances in our understanding of the structural features of human IgG4 have shed light on the unique functional and immunologic properties of IgG4. The aim of this review is to evaluate our current understanding of IgG4 biology and reassess the mechanisms by which IgG4 functions to inhibit IgE-mediated allergic responses. Springer US 2016-02-18 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC4759210/ /pubmed/26892721 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-016-0600-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Immune Deficiency and Dysregulation (DP Huston and C Kuo, Section Editors) James, Louisa K. Till, Stephen J. Potential Mechanisms for IgG4 Inhibition of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions |
title | Potential Mechanisms for IgG4 Inhibition of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions |
title_full | Potential Mechanisms for IgG4 Inhibition of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions |
title_fullStr | Potential Mechanisms for IgG4 Inhibition of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions |
title_full_unstemmed | Potential Mechanisms for IgG4 Inhibition of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions |
title_short | Potential Mechanisms for IgG4 Inhibition of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions |
title_sort | potential mechanisms for igg4 inhibition of immediate hypersensitivity reactions |
topic | Immune Deficiency and Dysregulation (DP Huston and C Kuo, Section Editors) |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4759210/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26892721 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-016-0600-2 |
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