Transcription profile of Trichophyton rubrum conidia grown on keratin reveals the induction of an adhesin-like protein gene with a tandem repeat pattern
BACKGROUND: Trichophyton rubrum is a cosmopolitan filamentous fungus that can infect human keratinized tissue (skin, nails and, rarely, hair) and is the major agent of all chronic and recurrent dermatophytoses. The dermatophyte infection process is initiated through the release of arthroconidial adh...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2016
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4797125/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26993619 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-2567-8 |
_version_ | 1782421892238409728 |
---|---|
author | Bitencourt, Tamires Aparecida Macedo, Claudia Franco, Matheus Eloy Assis, Amanda Freire Komoto, Tatiana Takahasi Stehling, Eliana Guedes Beleboni, Rene Oliveira Malavazi, Iran Marins, Mozart Fachin, Ana Lúcia |
author_facet | Bitencourt, Tamires Aparecida Macedo, Claudia Franco, Matheus Eloy Assis, Amanda Freire Komoto, Tatiana Takahasi Stehling, Eliana Guedes Beleboni, Rene Oliveira Malavazi, Iran Marins, Mozart Fachin, Ana Lúcia |
author_sort | Bitencourt, Tamires Aparecida |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Trichophyton rubrum is a cosmopolitan filamentous fungus that can infect human keratinized tissue (skin, nails and, rarely, hair) and is the major agent of all chronic and recurrent dermatophytoses. The dermatophyte infection process is initiated through the release of arthroconidial adhesin, which binds to the host stratum corneum. The conidia then germinate, and fungal hyphae invade keratinized skin structures through the secretion of proteases. Although arthroconidia play a central role in pathogenesis, little is known about the dormancy and germination of T. rubrum conidia and the initiation of infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the transcriptional gene expression profile of T. rubrum conidia during growth on keratin- or elastin-containing medium, mimicking superficial and deep dermatophytosis, respectively. RESULTS: A transcriptional profiling analysis was conducted using a custom oligonucleotide-based microarray by comparing T. rubrum conidia grown on elastin and keratin substrates. This comparison shows differences according to protein source used, but consisted of a very small set of genes, which could be attributed to the quiescent status of conidia. The modulated genes were related to the dormancy, survival and germination of conidia, including genes involved in the respiratory chain, signal transduction and lipid metabolism. However, an induction of a great number of proteases occurred when T. rubrum was grown in the presence of keratin such as the subtilisin family of proteases (Sub 1 and Sub 3) and leucine aminopeptidase (Lap 1 and Lap 2). Interestingly, keratin also promoted the up-regulation of a gene encoding an adhesin-like protein with a tandem repeat sequence. In silico analysis showed that the protein contains a domain related to adhesin that may play a role in host-pathogen interactions. The expression of this adhesin-like gene was also induced during the co-culture of T. rubrum with a human keratinocyte cell line, confirming its role in fungal-host interactions. CONCLUSION: These results contribute to the discovery of new targets involved in the adhesion of conidia and the maintenance of conidial dormancy, which are essential for triggering the process of infection and the chronicity of dermatophytosis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4797125 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47971252016-03-18 Transcription profile of Trichophyton rubrum conidia grown on keratin reveals the induction of an adhesin-like protein gene with a tandem repeat pattern Bitencourt, Tamires Aparecida Macedo, Claudia Franco, Matheus Eloy Assis, Amanda Freire Komoto, Tatiana Takahasi Stehling, Eliana Guedes Beleboni, Rene Oliveira Malavazi, Iran Marins, Mozart Fachin, Ana Lúcia BMC Genomics Research Article BACKGROUND: Trichophyton rubrum is a cosmopolitan filamentous fungus that can infect human keratinized tissue (skin, nails and, rarely, hair) and is the major agent of all chronic and recurrent dermatophytoses. The dermatophyte infection process is initiated through the release of arthroconidial adhesin, which binds to the host stratum corneum. The conidia then germinate, and fungal hyphae invade keratinized skin structures through the secretion of proteases. Although arthroconidia play a central role in pathogenesis, little is known about the dormancy and germination of T. rubrum conidia and the initiation of infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the transcriptional gene expression profile of T. rubrum conidia during growth on keratin- or elastin-containing medium, mimicking superficial and deep dermatophytosis, respectively. RESULTS: A transcriptional profiling analysis was conducted using a custom oligonucleotide-based microarray by comparing T. rubrum conidia grown on elastin and keratin substrates. This comparison shows differences according to protein source used, but consisted of a very small set of genes, which could be attributed to the quiescent status of conidia. The modulated genes were related to the dormancy, survival and germination of conidia, including genes involved in the respiratory chain, signal transduction and lipid metabolism. However, an induction of a great number of proteases occurred when T. rubrum was grown in the presence of keratin such as the subtilisin family of proteases (Sub 1 and Sub 3) and leucine aminopeptidase (Lap 1 and Lap 2). Interestingly, keratin also promoted the up-regulation of a gene encoding an adhesin-like protein with a tandem repeat sequence. In silico analysis showed that the protein contains a domain related to adhesin that may play a role in host-pathogen interactions. The expression of this adhesin-like gene was also induced during the co-culture of T. rubrum with a human keratinocyte cell line, confirming its role in fungal-host interactions. CONCLUSION: These results contribute to the discovery of new targets involved in the adhesion of conidia and the maintenance of conidial dormancy, which are essential for triggering the process of infection and the chronicity of dermatophytosis. BioMed Central 2016-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4797125/ /pubmed/26993619 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-2567-8 Text en © Bitencourt et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Bitencourt, Tamires Aparecida Macedo, Claudia Franco, Matheus Eloy Assis, Amanda Freire Komoto, Tatiana Takahasi Stehling, Eliana Guedes Beleboni, Rene Oliveira Malavazi, Iran Marins, Mozart Fachin, Ana Lúcia Transcription profile of Trichophyton rubrum conidia grown on keratin reveals the induction of an adhesin-like protein gene with a tandem repeat pattern |
title | Transcription profile of Trichophyton rubrum conidia grown on keratin reveals the induction of an adhesin-like protein gene with a tandem repeat pattern |
title_full | Transcription profile of Trichophyton rubrum conidia grown on keratin reveals the induction of an adhesin-like protein gene with a tandem repeat pattern |
title_fullStr | Transcription profile of Trichophyton rubrum conidia grown on keratin reveals the induction of an adhesin-like protein gene with a tandem repeat pattern |
title_full_unstemmed | Transcription profile of Trichophyton rubrum conidia grown on keratin reveals the induction of an adhesin-like protein gene with a tandem repeat pattern |
title_short | Transcription profile of Trichophyton rubrum conidia grown on keratin reveals the induction of an adhesin-like protein gene with a tandem repeat pattern |
title_sort | transcription profile of trichophyton rubrum conidia grown on keratin reveals the induction of an adhesin-like protein gene with a tandem repeat pattern |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4797125/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26993619 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-2567-8 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT bitencourttamiresaparecida transcriptionprofileoftrichophytonrubrumconidiagrownonkeratinrevealstheinductionofanadhesinlikeproteingenewithatandemrepeatpattern AT macedoclaudia transcriptionprofileoftrichophytonrubrumconidiagrownonkeratinrevealstheinductionofanadhesinlikeproteingenewithatandemrepeatpattern AT francomatheuseloy transcriptionprofileoftrichophytonrubrumconidiagrownonkeratinrevealstheinductionofanadhesinlikeproteingenewithatandemrepeatpattern AT assisamandafreire transcriptionprofileoftrichophytonrubrumconidiagrownonkeratinrevealstheinductionofanadhesinlikeproteingenewithatandemrepeatpattern AT komototatianatakahasi transcriptionprofileoftrichophytonrubrumconidiagrownonkeratinrevealstheinductionofanadhesinlikeproteingenewithatandemrepeatpattern AT stehlingelianaguedes transcriptionprofileoftrichophytonrubrumconidiagrownonkeratinrevealstheinductionofanadhesinlikeproteingenewithatandemrepeatpattern AT belebonireneoliveira transcriptionprofileoftrichophytonrubrumconidiagrownonkeratinrevealstheinductionofanadhesinlikeproteingenewithatandemrepeatpattern AT malavaziiran transcriptionprofileoftrichophytonrubrumconidiagrownonkeratinrevealstheinductionofanadhesinlikeproteingenewithatandemrepeatpattern AT marinsmozart transcriptionprofileoftrichophytonrubrumconidiagrownonkeratinrevealstheinductionofanadhesinlikeproteingenewithatandemrepeatpattern AT fachinanalucia transcriptionprofileoftrichophytonrubrumconidiagrownonkeratinrevealstheinductionofanadhesinlikeproteingenewithatandemrepeatpattern |