The anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of the phenanthrene fraction from fibrous roots of Bletilla striata

BACKGROUND: Bletillae Rhizoma, the tuber of Bletilla striata, has been used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases. Chemical studies indicated that phenanthrene was one of the most important components of the herb, with a broad spectrum of antibiotic activity against Gram-posit...

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Autores principales: Guo, Jing-Jing, Dai, Bin-Ling, Chen, Ni-Pi, Jin, Li-Xia, Jiang, Fu-Sheng, Ding, Zhi-Shan, Qian, Chao-Dong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5129615/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899152
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1488-z
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author Guo, Jing-Jing
Dai, Bin-Ling
Chen, Ni-Pi
Jin, Li-Xia
Jiang, Fu-Sheng
Ding, Zhi-Shan
Qian, Chao-Dong
author_facet Guo, Jing-Jing
Dai, Bin-Ling
Chen, Ni-Pi
Jin, Li-Xia
Jiang, Fu-Sheng
Ding, Zhi-Shan
Qian, Chao-Dong
author_sort Guo, Jing-Jing
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Bletillae Rhizoma, the tuber of Bletilla striata, has been used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases. Chemical studies indicated that phenanthrene was one of the most important components of the herb, with a broad spectrum of antibiotic activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The objective of this study was to further characterize the antibacterial activity of the phenanthrene fraction from the fibrous root of the pseudobulb of B. striata. METHODS: The phenanthrene fraction (EF60) from the ethanol extract of fibrous roots of Bletilla striata pseudobulbs was isolated using polyamide column chromatography. The antibacterial activity of the fraction was evaluated in vitro using a 96-well microtiter plate and microbroth dilution method. The cytotoxicity of EF60 against mammalian cells was tested by hemolysis and MTT assays. RESULTS: EF60 was obtained using alcohol extraction and polyamide column chromatography, with a yield of 14.9 g per 1 kg of the fibrous roots of B. striata. In vitro tests indicated that EF60 was active against all tested strains of Staphylococcus aureus, including clinical isolates and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of EF60 against these pathogens ranged from 8 to 64 μg/mL. Minimum bactericidal concentration tests demonstrated that EF60 was bactericidal against S. aureus 3304 and ATCC 29213 and was bacteriostatic against S. aureus 3211, ATCC 25923, and ATCC 43300. Consistently, the time-kill assay indicated that EF60 could completely kill S. aureus ATCC 29213 at 2× the MIC within 3 h but could kill less than two logarithmic units of ATCC 43300, even at 4× the MIC within 24 h. The postantibiotic effects (PAE) of EF60 (4× MIC) against strains 29213 and 43300 were 2.0 and 0.38 h, respectively. Further studies indicated that EF60 (160 μg/mL) showed no cytotoxicity against human erythrocytes, and was minimally toxic to Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells with an IC(50) of 75 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies indicated that EF60 is worthy of further investigation as a potential phytotherapeutic agent for treating infections caused by S. aureus and MRSA. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1488-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-51296152016-12-12 The anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of the phenanthrene fraction from fibrous roots of Bletilla striata Guo, Jing-Jing Dai, Bin-Ling Chen, Ni-Pi Jin, Li-Xia Jiang, Fu-Sheng Ding, Zhi-Shan Qian, Chao-Dong BMC Complement Altern Med Research Article BACKGROUND: Bletillae Rhizoma, the tuber of Bletilla striata, has been used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases. Chemical studies indicated that phenanthrene was one of the most important components of the herb, with a broad spectrum of antibiotic activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The objective of this study was to further characterize the antibacterial activity of the phenanthrene fraction from the fibrous root of the pseudobulb of B. striata. METHODS: The phenanthrene fraction (EF60) from the ethanol extract of fibrous roots of Bletilla striata pseudobulbs was isolated using polyamide column chromatography. The antibacterial activity of the fraction was evaluated in vitro using a 96-well microtiter plate and microbroth dilution method. The cytotoxicity of EF60 against mammalian cells was tested by hemolysis and MTT assays. RESULTS: EF60 was obtained using alcohol extraction and polyamide column chromatography, with a yield of 14.9 g per 1 kg of the fibrous roots of B. striata. In vitro tests indicated that EF60 was active against all tested strains of Staphylococcus aureus, including clinical isolates and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of EF60 against these pathogens ranged from 8 to 64 μg/mL. Minimum bactericidal concentration tests demonstrated that EF60 was bactericidal against S. aureus 3304 and ATCC 29213 and was bacteriostatic against S. aureus 3211, ATCC 25923, and ATCC 43300. Consistently, the time-kill assay indicated that EF60 could completely kill S. aureus ATCC 29213 at 2× the MIC within 3 h but could kill less than two logarithmic units of ATCC 43300, even at 4× the MIC within 24 h. The postantibiotic effects (PAE) of EF60 (4× MIC) against strains 29213 and 43300 were 2.0 and 0.38 h, respectively. Further studies indicated that EF60 (160 μg/mL) showed no cytotoxicity against human erythrocytes, and was minimally toxic to Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells with an IC(50) of 75 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies indicated that EF60 is worthy of further investigation as a potential phytotherapeutic agent for treating infections caused by S. aureus and MRSA. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1488-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2016-11-29 /pmc/articles/PMC5129615/ /pubmed/27899152 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1488-z Text en © The Author(s). 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Guo, Jing-Jing
Dai, Bin-Ling
Chen, Ni-Pi
Jin, Li-Xia
Jiang, Fu-Sheng
Ding, Zhi-Shan
Qian, Chao-Dong
The anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of the phenanthrene fraction from fibrous roots of Bletilla striata
title The anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of the phenanthrene fraction from fibrous roots of Bletilla striata
title_full The anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of the phenanthrene fraction from fibrous roots of Bletilla striata
title_fullStr The anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of the phenanthrene fraction from fibrous roots of Bletilla striata
title_full_unstemmed The anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of the phenanthrene fraction from fibrous roots of Bletilla striata
title_short The anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of the phenanthrene fraction from fibrous roots of Bletilla striata
title_sort anti-staphylococcus aureus activity of the phenanthrene fraction from fibrous roots of bletilla striata
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5129615/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899152
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1488-z
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