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Role of apoptosis-inducing factor in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury

Perinatal complications, such as asphyxia, can cause brain injuries that are often associated with subsequent neurological deficits, such as cerebral palsy or mental retardation. The mechanisms of perinatal brain injury are not fully understood, but mitochondria play a prominent role not only due to...

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Autores principales: Rodriguez, Juan, Li, Tao, Xu, Yiran, Sun, Yanyan, Zhu, Changlian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7896227/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32859765
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.290875
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author Rodriguez, Juan
Li, Tao
Xu, Yiran
Sun, Yanyan
Zhu, Changlian
author_facet Rodriguez, Juan
Li, Tao
Xu, Yiran
Sun, Yanyan
Zhu, Changlian
author_sort Rodriguez, Juan
collection PubMed
description Perinatal complications, such as asphyxia, can cause brain injuries that are often associated with subsequent neurological deficits, such as cerebral palsy or mental retardation. The mechanisms of perinatal brain injury are not fully understood, but mitochondria play a prominent role not only due to their central function in metabolism but also because many proteins with apoptosis-related functions are located in the mitochondrion. Among these proteins, apoptosis-inducing factor has already been shown to be an important factor involved in neuronal cell death upon hypoxia-ischemia, but a better understanding of the mechanisms behind these processes is required for the development of more effective treatments during the early stages of perinatal brain injury. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, specifically on the importance of apoptosis-inducing factor. The relevance of apoptosis-inducing factor is based not only because it participates in the caspase-independent apoptotic pathway but also because it plays a crucial role in mitochondrial energetic functionality, especially with regard to the maintenance of electron transport during oxidative phosphorylation and in oxidative stress, acting as a free radical scavenger. We also discuss all the different apoptosis-inducing factor isoforms discovered, focusing especially on apoptosis-inducing factor 2, which is only expressed in the brain and the functions of which are starting now to be clarified. Finally, we summarized the interaction of apoptosis-inducing factor with several proteins that are crucial for both apoptosis-inducing factor functions (pro-survival and pro-apoptotic) and that are highly important in order to develop promising therapeutic targets for improving outcomes after perinatal brain injury.
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spelling pubmed-78962272021-02-24 Role of apoptosis-inducing factor in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury Rodriguez, Juan Li, Tao Xu, Yiran Sun, Yanyan Zhu, Changlian Neural Regen Res Review Perinatal complications, such as asphyxia, can cause brain injuries that are often associated with subsequent neurological deficits, such as cerebral palsy or mental retardation. The mechanisms of perinatal brain injury are not fully understood, but mitochondria play a prominent role not only due to their central function in metabolism but also because many proteins with apoptosis-related functions are located in the mitochondrion. Among these proteins, apoptosis-inducing factor has already been shown to be an important factor involved in neuronal cell death upon hypoxia-ischemia, but a better understanding of the mechanisms behind these processes is required for the development of more effective treatments during the early stages of perinatal brain injury. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, specifically on the importance of apoptosis-inducing factor. The relevance of apoptosis-inducing factor is based not only because it participates in the caspase-independent apoptotic pathway but also because it plays a crucial role in mitochondrial energetic functionality, especially with regard to the maintenance of electron transport during oxidative phosphorylation and in oxidative stress, acting as a free radical scavenger. We also discuss all the different apoptosis-inducing factor isoforms discovered, focusing especially on apoptosis-inducing factor 2, which is only expressed in the brain and the functions of which are starting now to be clarified. Finally, we summarized the interaction of apoptosis-inducing factor with several proteins that are crucial for both apoptosis-inducing factor functions (pro-survival and pro-apoptotic) and that are highly important in order to develop promising therapeutic targets for improving outcomes after perinatal brain injury. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2020-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7896227/ /pubmed/32859765 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.290875 Text en Copyright: © 2021 Neural Regeneration Research http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Review
Rodriguez, Juan
Li, Tao
Xu, Yiran
Sun, Yanyan
Zhu, Changlian
Role of apoptosis-inducing factor in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
title Role of apoptosis-inducing factor in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
title_full Role of apoptosis-inducing factor in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
title_fullStr Role of apoptosis-inducing factor in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
title_full_unstemmed Role of apoptosis-inducing factor in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
title_short Role of apoptosis-inducing factor in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
title_sort role of apoptosis-inducing factor in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7896227/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32859765
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.290875
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