The Immune Tolerance Role of the HMGB1-RAGE Axis
The disruption of the immune tolerance induces autoimmunity such as systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis. A chromatin-binding non-histone protein, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), is released from the nucleus to the extracellular milieu in particular environments such as autoimmunity, sepsi...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8001022/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33807604 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10030564 |
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author | Watanabe, Haruki Son, Myoungsun |
author_facet | Watanabe, Haruki Son, Myoungsun |
author_sort | Watanabe, Haruki |
collection | PubMed |
description | The disruption of the immune tolerance induces autoimmunity such as systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis. A chromatin-binding non-histone protein, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), is released from the nucleus to the extracellular milieu in particular environments such as autoimmunity, sepsis and hypoxia. Extracellular HMGB1 engages pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). While the HMGB1-RAGE axis drives inflammation in various diseases, recent studies also focus on the anti-inflammatory effects of HMGB1 and RAGE. This review discusses current perspectives on HMGB1 and RAGE’s roles in controlling inflammation and immune tolerance. We also suggest how RAGE heterodimers responding microenvironments functions in immune responses. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8001022 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80010222021-03-28 The Immune Tolerance Role of the HMGB1-RAGE Axis Watanabe, Haruki Son, Myoungsun Cells Review The disruption of the immune tolerance induces autoimmunity such as systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis. A chromatin-binding non-histone protein, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), is released from the nucleus to the extracellular milieu in particular environments such as autoimmunity, sepsis and hypoxia. Extracellular HMGB1 engages pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). While the HMGB1-RAGE axis drives inflammation in various diseases, recent studies also focus on the anti-inflammatory effects of HMGB1 and RAGE. This review discusses current perspectives on HMGB1 and RAGE’s roles in controlling inflammation and immune tolerance. We also suggest how RAGE heterodimers responding microenvironments functions in immune responses. MDPI 2021-03-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8001022/ /pubmed/33807604 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10030564 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ). |
spellingShingle | Review Watanabe, Haruki Son, Myoungsun The Immune Tolerance Role of the HMGB1-RAGE Axis |
title | The Immune Tolerance Role of the HMGB1-RAGE Axis |
title_full | The Immune Tolerance Role of the HMGB1-RAGE Axis |
title_fullStr | The Immune Tolerance Role of the HMGB1-RAGE Axis |
title_full_unstemmed | The Immune Tolerance Role of the HMGB1-RAGE Axis |
title_short | The Immune Tolerance Role of the HMGB1-RAGE Axis |
title_sort | immune tolerance role of the hmgb1-rage axis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8001022/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33807604 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10030564 |
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