Glycans in Virus-Host Interactions: A Structural Perspective

Many interactions between microbes and their hosts are driven or influenced by glycans, whose heterogeneous and difficult to characterize structures have led to an underappreciation of their role in these interactions compared to protein-based interactions. Glycans decorate microbe glycoproteins to...

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Autores principales: Miller, Nathaniel L., Clark, Thomas, Raman, Rahul, Sasisekharan, Ram
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8215384/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34164431
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.666756
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author Miller, Nathaniel L.
Clark, Thomas
Raman, Rahul
Sasisekharan, Ram
author_facet Miller, Nathaniel L.
Clark, Thomas
Raman, Rahul
Sasisekharan, Ram
author_sort Miller, Nathaniel L.
collection PubMed
description Many interactions between microbes and their hosts are driven or influenced by glycans, whose heterogeneous and difficult to characterize structures have led to an underappreciation of their role in these interactions compared to protein-based interactions. Glycans decorate microbe glycoproteins to enhance attachment and fusion to host cells, provide stability, and evade the host immune system. Yet, the host immune system may also target these glycans as glycoepitopes. In this review, we provide a structural perspective on the role of glycans in host-microbe interactions, focusing primarily on viral glycoproteins and their interactions with host adaptive immunity. In particular, we discuss a class of topological glycoepitopes and their interactions with topological mAbs, using the anti-HIV mAb 2G12 as the archetypical example. We further offer our view that structure-based glycan targeting strategies are ready for application to viruses beyond HIV, and present our perspective on future development in this area.
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spelling pubmed-82153842021-06-22 Glycans in Virus-Host Interactions: A Structural Perspective Miller, Nathaniel L. Clark, Thomas Raman, Rahul Sasisekharan, Ram Front Mol Biosci Molecular Biosciences Many interactions between microbes and their hosts are driven or influenced by glycans, whose heterogeneous and difficult to characterize structures have led to an underappreciation of their role in these interactions compared to protein-based interactions. Glycans decorate microbe glycoproteins to enhance attachment and fusion to host cells, provide stability, and evade the host immune system. Yet, the host immune system may also target these glycans as glycoepitopes. In this review, we provide a structural perspective on the role of glycans in host-microbe interactions, focusing primarily on viral glycoproteins and their interactions with host adaptive immunity. In particular, we discuss a class of topological glycoepitopes and their interactions with topological mAbs, using the anti-HIV mAb 2G12 as the archetypical example. We further offer our view that structure-based glycan targeting strategies are ready for application to viruses beyond HIV, and present our perspective on future development in this area. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8215384/ /pubmed/34164431 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.666756 Text en Copyright © 2021 Miller, Clark, Raman and Sasisekharan. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Molecular Biosciences
Miller, Nathaniel L.
Clark, Thomas
Raman, Rahul
Sasisekharan, Ram
Glycans in Virus-Host Interactions: A Structural Perspective
title Glycans in Virus-Host Interactions: A Structural Perspective
title_full Glycans in Virus-Host Interactions: A Structural Perspective
title_fullStr Glycans in Virus-Host Interactions: A Structural Perspective
title_full_unstemmed Glycans in Virus-Host Interactions: A Structural Perspective
title_short Glycans in Virus-Host Interactions: A Structural Perspective
title_sort glycans in virus-host interactions: a structural perspective
topic Molecular Biosciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8215384/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34164431
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.666756
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